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Anthro 102 Final
N/A
10
Anthropology
Undergraduate 1
06/09/2010

Additional Anthropology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Early Archaics (Homo heidelbergensis)
Definition
400,000-125,000 y.a. (appearance of Neandertals): 1100-1400 c.c., less robust than H. ergaster, but more robust than modern humans, heavy brow ridges: Reduction in robusticity compared to H. ergaster, on average taller than most modern humans : Continuation of Acheulean Tradition with refinement; developed Levalloisian Technique; Developed hafting; Hunted large game animals: Germany, France, Spain, parts of Asia and Africa.
Term
Late Archaics (Homo neandertalensis)
Definition
125,000-30,000 y.a. : Average of 1400 c.c.; long and low braincase; prognathic lower face; worn front teeth; large noses; Occipital bun; heavy brow ridges; NO CHIN : Relative to body mass, limbs are short and stocky; large muscle attachments; dense leg bones; strong individuals adapted to harsh climate : Evidence of caring for the old and disabled; intentional burial of dead; possible ceremonial items; use of Ochre; Mousterian Tool Tradition; possible artistic expression (symbolic activity); speech? : Numerous locations throughout Europe and SW Asia
Term
modern Homo sapiens (in general)
Definition
Evolved in Africa ~200,000 : 1350 c.c. average cranial capacity; high forehead; small/flat faces; reduction in size of teeth and mandible; reduced P.O.C.; presence of a CHIN; reduced brow ridges : Less robust than archaic Homo; less sexual dimorphism than predecessor; regionally variable in body and limb proportions : Upper Paleolithic tool tradition; use of many different material types (bone, antler, ivory, wood, shell, etc); increased use of compound tools such as spear throwers; developed pressure flaking technology; development of language; importance of art and symbolism : Global: Evolved in East Africa around 200,000 y.a., then dispersed out from there. Reached Australia by 50-60 kyr, Central Asia 40 kyr, Europe 35-40 kyr, Finally North and South America
Term
Modern H. sapiens : Omo-Kibish
Definition
196,000 : Cranial features are present : Post cranial anatomy is present : Two individuals; oldest known modern humans : Ethiopia
Term
Modern H. Sapiens : Herto
Definition
160-154,000 : Cranial features = present : Post cranial Anatomy = little recovered : Second oldest moderns in Africa : Ethiopia
Term
Modern H. Sapiens : Klasies River Mouth
Definition
120,000 : Cranial = present : Post cranial = present : Earliest modern H. sapiens in South Africa : South Africa
Term
Modern H. Sapiens : Skhul V
Definition
115,000 : Cranial = present : Post cranial = present : Earliest evidence of modern H. sapiens outside of Africa : Israel
Term
Modern H. Sapiens : Ordos
Definition
50,000 : Cranial = present : Post cranial = present : Perhaps earliest evidence of H Sapiens in Asia : Mongolia, China
Term
Modern H. Sapiens : Kow Swamp
Definition
14,000-9,000 : Cranial = present : Post cranial = present : Very robust individuals (retains erectus-like characteristics : Australia
Term
Modern H. Sapiens : Lake Mungo
Definition
60,000-30,000 : Cranial = present : Post cranial = present : Earliest Australians : Australia
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