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| Darwin relied heavily on five scientific disciplines of his time. |
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| Geology, paleontology, taxonomy and systematics, demography, and biology |
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| James Hutton was among the first to _____. This idea is called _____ |
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| calculated Earth’s age in the millions of years.uniformitarianism. |
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| tested the idea that fossils were the remains of ancient life by studying the microscopic structure of wood. |
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| Georges Cuvier observations led to ___ |
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| catastrophism, or the idea that earthquakes or volcanic eruptions can lead to mass extinctions. |
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| Early taxonomy was based on the idea that species |
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| did not change and reflected what the taxonomists thought was God’s purpose. |
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| Carl von Linné (Carolus Linnaeus) |
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| developed the system of binomial nomenclature used today. |
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| Influences on population size and competition for limited resources |
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| Malthus’s Essay on the ____made the case that populations are |
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| Principle of Population, limited by food supply |
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| Darwin collected his research in the __ , but did not write his results until___ |
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| contacted Darwin in 1858 with a set of ideas very similar to those Darwin had arrived at; both men independently talked about evolution by natural selection. |
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| Darwin rushed into the writing of his book On the Origin of Species,which was published in |
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| In 1908,___ repeated Mendel’s work with ___ |
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| Thomas Hunt Morgan,fruit flies. |
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| Th e combination of Darwin’s theory of evolution and Mendel’s theory of heredity is known as ___ |
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| Natural selection acts only on |
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| introduces new genetic material into the gene pool. |
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| ____ refers to the spread of genetic material from one population to another. |
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| random chance in the frequency of alleles. |
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| ____ and _____ published their discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953. |
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| James Watson and Francis Crick |
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| used a special technique to image the DNA double helix. |
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| Mitochondrial DNA Contained in ______ and inherited from |
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| organelles in cell’s cytoplasm, mother |
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| determines the sex of the off spring. |
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| (contains full set of chromosomes) |
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| unzipping, template for RNA) |
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| (template att aches to ribosomes) |
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| Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) |
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| Make up variation between and within human populations |
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| many traits are polygenic are determined by |
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| genes at more than one locus. |
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| single allele having multiple effects. |
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| members of a species that produce off spring. |
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| All the genetic material within a population is referred to as |
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| Hardy- Weinberg Law: Testing the Conditions of Genetic Equilibrium is a |
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| method for studying genetic change in populations. |
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| Directional selection favors |
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| an extreme form of a trait. |
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| favors the average form of a trait. |
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| favors individuals at both extremes |
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| The peppered moth is the best documented evidence of |
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| The hemoglobin _ gene causes |
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| S, sickle- cell anemia in humans. |
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| The geography of sickle- cell anemia and a possible association with |
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| sickle cell and malaria (relationship) |
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The hemoglobin S gene causes sickle- cell anemia in humans.
Individuals with the SS genotype suffer from sickle- cell anemia, an illness fatal without medical intervention.
The geography of sickle- cell anemia and a possible association with malaria
20%–30% of people living in equatorial Africa have the S gene.
High frequencies of the S gene overlap areas where malaria is endemic (constantly present).
A relationship has been documented between possession of one S gene and higher survival when exposed to malaria.
Biology of sickle- cell anemia and malarial infection
Heterozygotic individuals (those with the AS genotype) do not suffer from sickling crises that the SS genotype causes.
They do possess somewhat lower oxygen levels in their hemoglobin, which is where the malaria parasite finishes its life cycle.
The parasite generally cannot survive and reproduce. |
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| A special kind of genetic drift |
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| Founder effect: Occurs when a ____ of a popoulation becomes reproductively _____ from the ___ populaion |
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| small segment , becomes reproductively isolated , larger |
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| Gene flow often refers to ___, though it is influenced by |
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| migration,culture and social structure |
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| What are the four subfields of anthropology? Provide a brief description of each |
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| What are the four subfields of anthropology? Provide a brief description of each |
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| What did Malthus and Lyell contribute to Darwin’s thinking on natural selection? |
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| ) How has the sickle-cell allele come to be common in some parts of the world? Why is it thought to be a good example of natural selection? |
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| concpet of genus and species |
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| charles lyell theory of ___ |
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uniformitariamism
Differences in the
earth’s history can be
explained by simple
natural processes -
wind, rain, erosion
2. The same processes
operating in the present
operated in the past
(past can be explained
in terms of the present |
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