Term
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Definition
Stonetool making tradition
More large tools created according to standardized designs or shapes
Hand Axe
Made with Soft Hammers and Hard Hammers
1.5 M - 200,000 YA |
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Term
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Definition
May be the earliest hominid
5.8 MYA
Ape-like dentition
bipedal locomotion |
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Term
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Definition
Genus of bipedal hominids that lived in East Africa about 4.5 - 2.4 M years ago
Sm brain (350 - 450 cc) sim. to modern chimp
Increase in body size (1 - 1.5 M)
Front teeth smaller
Sexually dimorphic
Osteodontokeratic culture potentially
1st definite hominid |
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Term
| Australopithecus aethiopocus |
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Definition
Earliest and least known robust A.
N. Kenya and S. Eithiopia
2.3 - 2.7 M years ago
Black Skull
Very different from other Australopithecines |
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Term
| Australopithecus afarensis |
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Definition
Gracile Australopithecines
Most well represented
Tanzania
Famous footprint trail
Lucy
4.3 - 3 MYA |
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Term
| Australopithecus africanus |
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Definition
1st erect bipedal hominid discovered
Taung child
Southern Ape of Africa |
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Term
| Australopithecus anamensis |
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Definition
Earliest Australopithecus species
3.9 - 4.2 MYA
Homo-like neck down |
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Term
| Australopithecus bahrelghazali |
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Definition
1st hominid found outside Rift Valley
3 MYA
Differs in premolars |
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Term
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Definition
Western Tanzania
Fossils and tools
2.3 - 1.3 MYA
Hyperrobust
Not ancestral to Homo |
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Term
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Definition
2.5 MYA
Evidence of buchery suggests tools |
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Term
| Australopithecus robustus |
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Definition
Larger teeth, massive jaw and flatter face than A. africanus
Separate genus - Paranthropus
Died 1 MYA |
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Term
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Definition
| Stone tool has facets removed from two sides |
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Term
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Definition
| Hole at bottom of skull where spine enters |
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Term
| Gracile Australopithicines |
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Definition
A. anamensis
A. afarensis
A. africanus
Smaller dentition and lighter facial and dental musculature than robust |
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Term
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Definition
Tear dropped shaped
Bifacially flaked tool
Thinned sharp tip |
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Term
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Definition
Rock against rock
Limits in sharpness |
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Term
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Definition
1st Hominid species widelly distributed in Old World
1.8 - 1 MYA
H. egaster - Europe, Africa
Thighbone of modern human
Taurodontism
Saggital Keel
Occipital Torus |
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Term
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Definition
Very closely related to H. erectus
- mini version
Indonesian island of Flores
Tools similar or more advanced |
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Term
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Definition
W. parts of Kenya and Tanzania
Lived at same time as A. boisei
2.3 MYA |
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Term
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Definition
Shares many features with H. Habilis
Large teeth, flatter and broader face
More modern like limb proportions and dentition
Brain one-third larger than Australopithecines
Pelvis modifications |
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Term
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Definition
Maybe another Australopithecine
W. Kenya
3.5 MYA
Potential link to Homo |
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Term
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Definition
Stone tool traditoins of Homo erectus
Involves core tool techniques
1.5 M - 200,000 YA |
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Term
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Definition
| Ridge of bone running horizontally along crest of skull |
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Term
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Definition
| Tool assemblage found in bed I and in later (higher) layers |
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Term
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Definition
Early hominid
Maybe bipedal
5.8 - 6 MYA |
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Term
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Definition
| Striking a stone with another stone |
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Term
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Definition
Time when climate continued to warm until
Ended 1.6 MYA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Robust Australopithicines |
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Definition
A. aeithiopithecus
A. robustus
A. boisei
Larger dentition than gracile species, massive face and jaws
Some have saggital crest |
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Term
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Definition
On top of heads
Robust A.
Ridge anchored the heavy musculature for large teeth and jaws |
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Term
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Definition
| Rounded ridge along crest of skull |
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Term
| Sahelanthropus tchadensis |
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Definition
7 M years ago
Primate
Unique mix of hominid and hominoid |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Used after Hard Hammer
Bone or Antler
Sharper |
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Term
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Definition
Molars with an enlarges pulp cavity
Teeth withstand harder use |
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Term
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Definition
| Stone tool only has facets removed from one side |
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Term
| Osteodontokeratic Culture |
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Definition
Osteo - Bones (cutting, puncturing)
Donto - Teeth (weapons, knives)
Keratic - Nails, Claws (Clubbing, digging, puncturing)
No signs of recognizable tools |
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Term
ARTICLE
How Do You Know Something is a Tool |
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Definition
Kind of rock
Bilateral flaking
Retouching
Striking platform |
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