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| the first individual to record that fossils were once living things in the world |
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1.) Father of modern geology
2.) Used comparative method to study shark's teeth and the anatomy of sharks
*geology = study of earth and rocks
*comparative method = analyzing data about cultures to learn and explain patterns of similarity and difference |
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| literally "natural ladder", but translated often as the great chain of being; a classical and Western medieval concept of God's strict and natural hierarchical structure of the universe = "How God built the world" |
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1.) Interested in: botany, medical herbs, & fossils 2.) Did not believe in evolution 3.) Invented binomial nomenclature =
genus, species, Linnaeus, 1759 (genus&species = lower case) |
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| change in the gene pool of a population from generation to generation by such processes as mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift. |
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1.) Discovered geological time = the deeper you go into earth deposits, the simpler the organisms become
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| pertaining to the thesis that processes that operated in the remote geological past are not different from those observed now |
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| the idea that God destroyed and recreated the Earth multiple times |
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1.) Interested in natural science & history
2.) Made a multi-volume encyclopedia with elaborate illustrations |
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1.) Wrote Zoonomia, a poem about animals, plants, & humans
2.) Zoonomia discusses natural selection
3.) Grandfather of Charles Darwin |
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| a branch of geology that deals with nomenclature, classification, correlation, and interpretation of stratified rocks |
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1.) The major subdivision of a genus or subgenus
2.) Composed of related individuals that resemble one another
3.) Can breed among their species but not with other species |
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1.) Enemies with Cuvier
2.) Wrote a book on the properties of plants
3.) The Doctrine of Acquired Characteristics = paper was very inaccurate
4.) Tried to explain evolution without the use of the supernatural |
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1.) Made the very first geological map of the world with color coding
2.) Faunal Sequences = a series of rocks all containing similar fossils |
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1.) Father of comparative anatomy; didn't believe in evolution
2.) Comparative Anatomy = This type of anatomy is widely used today to determine links between animal and human evolution
3.) "You'll never find a human fossil!"
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| a scientist who sends a letter to C.Darwin representing Darwin's exact ideas on natural selection; both get credit |
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| Charles Darwin (1809-1882) |
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Definition
1.) Studied natural selection
2.) Began to believe in evolution after the HMS Beagle voyage
3.) 1842 = first paper on NS
4.) 1848 = paper updated
5.) 1858 = letter from A. Wallace
6.) 1859 = Origin of Species is published |
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Definition
1.) Reproductive potential
2.) Limited resources
3.) Variation in traits
4.) Struggle for Existence |
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| intervention by humans in the breeding of plants or animals in order to preserve selected genetic traits; intentional breeding for certain traits, or combination of traits |
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| the science of determining the order of past events |
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| dating that provides an estimate of an object's age |
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| a hypothesis about a mechanism of heredity by which changes in physiology acquired over the life of an organism |
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1.) 220 species of primates including humans
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Definition
1.) Suborder
2.) Monkeys, apes, humans
3.) Small face & hairy, dry nose
4.) No claws! Only nails
5.) Opposable thumb and big toe
6.) Bony eye socket |
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| Anthropoidea > Catyrrhini |
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Definition
1.) Old world monkeys
2.) Close together nasal holes
3.) Nostrils = pointed down or forward
4.) Long gestation and life period |
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| Anthropoidea > Platryrhini |
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Definition
1.) New world monkeys
2.) Sensitive fleshy pad on tail |
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Definition
1.) Superfamily
2.) All apes & humans
3.) Anthropoidea&Hominoidea = same
4.) Apes have large upper body and arms
5.) Scapula on back
6.) Long gestation and life period
7.) Variation of maturation period
8.) No tail |
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Definition
1.) Superfamily
2.) Humans & direct descendants
3.) hominid = bipedal characteristic
4.) Brain enlarged by 3 times
5.) No tail |
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| the evolution of an ancestral species into several new species within a relatively short period of time and in a certain geographic area |
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| the assignment of organisms to groups within a system of categories distinguished by structure, origin, etc |
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| inheriting or determining descent through the female line |
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| a social order of dominance sustained by aggressive or other behavior patterns |
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| a physical difference between male and female individuals |
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Definition
1.) Common chimp
2.) Sexual reception = 25%-35%
3.) Groups of 40-60
4.) No alpha male
5.) Capable of bipedal motion
6.) Stones as tools (anvils&hammer)
7.) Herbalist |
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Definition
1.) Bonobo or pymychimp
2.) Bigger groups & no violence
3.) Males bond to mothers & mates strongly
4.) Comfortable walking upright
5.) Female SR = 50%
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Definition
1.) Mt. Gorilla
2.) 10-20 gorillas per group
3.) Alpha male
4.) Vegetarians
5.) 40 years lifespan |
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