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ANTHRO 001 Midterm Review
First midterm keyterms for Introduction to Anthropology
69
Anthropology
Undergraduate 1
02/07/2011

Additional Anthropology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Nomads
Definition
"A people who have no permanent home, but move about according to the seasons" (dictionary definition).
Term
Foragers
Definition
People who go around and find food by gathering it from the wild. They'll eat fruit from trees and bushes, and also hunt game.
Term
Pastoralists
Definition
People who get their food by raising and domesticating livestock. Typical example would be a shepherd who tends goats or cows and eats them gradually.
Term
Sedentary
Definition
A word often used to describe the modern lifestyle where exercise is typically infrequent, and people receive food through stores rather than gathering the food themselves.
Term
Horticulture
Definition
Tending of plants to garnish food. The gebusi use horticulture when they do their Slash & Burn crop cycle.
Term
Kinship
Definition
Kinship refers to, essentially, the family tree of people. In anthropology, kinship is often an excellent way to analyze, and derive the reason for, relationships that would otherwise be impossible to decipher. Knauft's analysis of the Gebusi's kinship ties led him to discover the relationship between sister exchanges and sorcery accusations.
Term
Endogamous
Definition
Endogamy is defined as a "marriage within one's own tribe or group as required by custom or law." An endogamous society would only marry within itself (Gebusi only marries Gebusi, or family member only marries siblings or cousins).
Term
Exagamous
Definition
"Pertaining to or characterized by the custom of marrying only outside the limits of a clan or tribe" (dictionary definition). An exogamous society would only marry outside of itself (Gebusi only marries outsiders, or family member only marries people outside of the family).
Term
Virilocal
Definition
Synonymous with Patrilocal, means that a married couple resides with or near the husband's side of the family.
Term
Matrilocal
Definition
A married couple resides with or near the wife's side of the family.
Term
Levirate
Definition
Levirate marriage is a type of marriage in which a woman is required to marry her deceased husband's brother.
Term
Sororiate
Definition
Sororate marriage is a type of marriage in which a husband engages in marriage or sexual relations with the sister of his wife, usually after the death of his wife, or once his wife has proven infertile.
Term
Reciprocity
Definition
When one gives another a gift, a return gift is expected.
Term
Gift
Definition
Different than currency or money. When one gives a gift a social obligation is placed upon the reciever, and that reciever now becomes debted to the giver.
Term
Money
Definition
Different from a gift. When one exchanges money for something, it is not akin to reciprocity, it is a trade transaction, or an exchange. If you buy a pizza from a pizza shop, they do not have a social obligation to you.
Term
Exchange
Definition
An exchange is a trade transaction, it is unlike the kind of the ebbs and flows of gift giving in that no debt is incurred. If you buy a pizza from a pizza shop, they do not have a social obligation to you.
Term
Liminality
Definition
The middle ground, or threshold, typically used to describe the in-between period in an rite-of-passage (your no longer a boy, but your not quite yet a man). The liminal state is a blurry confusing place that is best to frequent rarely.
Term
Bridewealth
Definition
Synonymous with brideprice. An amount of money, property, or wealth payed by the groom and given to the bride to compensate for the bride's family's loss of a woman.
Term
Brideprice
Definition
Synonymous with bridewealth. An amount of money, propery, or wealth payed by the groom and given to the bride to compensate for the bride's family's loss of a woman.
Term
Dowry
Definition
Money, property, or wealth brought into a marriage by the wife, often given to the husband's family.
Term
Polygyny
Definition
Having more than one wife at a time.
Term
Polyandry
Definition
Having more than one husband at a time.
Term
Patrilineal
Definition
When lineage is traced from the husband's/father's side of the family.
Term
Matrilinial
Definition
When lineage is traced from the wife's/mother's side of the family.
Term
Bilateral Descent
Definition
When lineage is traced from both the husband's/father's side of the family, along with the wife's/mother's side.
Term
Cargo Cults
Definition
"A cargo cult is a religious phenomenon whereby some primitive tribes" try to emulate modern culture in an attempt to get the cargo that is flown in on planes (which they believe to be magical). Some New Guinie natives even went so far as to create a full size wooden plane and runway (the plane did not fly) in an attempt to get cargo.
Term
Ritual
Definition
"A ritual is a set of actions, performed mainly for their symbolic value. It may be prescribed by a religion or by the traditions of a community. The term usually excludes actions which are arbitrarily chosen by the performers, or dictated purely by logic, chance, necessity, etc." (dictionary definition)
Term
Sexuality
Definition
Sexuality means different things in different places. In American culture if a man has sex with a man, then they are gay. In New Guinea, if a man has sex with a man, it does not necessarily mean that they are gay in the American sense, meaning that they also have sex with women and will eventually marry a woman.
Term
Homosocial
Definition
Sexuality means different things in different places. In American culture if a man has sex with a man, then they are gay. In New Guinea, if a man has sex with a man, it does not necessarily mean that they are gay in the American sense, meaning that they also have sex with women and will eventually marry a woman.
Term
The Gebusi
Definition
A tribe in New Guinea whome Bruce Knauft studies at length.
Term
Ethnography
Definition
"Going out and getting your hands dirty." Studying a culture through participand-observation and living with another culture.
Term
Fieldwork
Definition
Work conducted during an ethnography.
Term
Participant-Observation
Definition
See Ethnography and Fieldwork.
Term
Methods
Definition
The methods of anthropoly sets it apart from other social sciences. Where other sciences conduct studies or impersonal surveys, an anthropologist will become one with the people and gain their trust and truly gain an understanding of the culture.
Term
Role of Religion
Definition
Religion's job is toexplain the unexplainable, and place blame in other places. For example, sickness didn't kill that guy, sorcery did! So let's go kill us a sorceror!
Term
Globalization
Definition
The integration of a culture into the globa economy and world.
Term
Syncretism
Definition
The joining together of old and new ways.
Term
Bricolage
Definition
Claude Levi-Strauss's interpretation of culture. Everything that is around and the events that occur get merged into this bricolage or structure that defines culture.
Term
Cultural Relativism
Definition
When you look at another culture, you are always looking from the vantage point of within your own culture. In other words, your observations are always slightly skewed by your own culture and beliefs.
Term
Ethnocentrism
Definition
Judging other cultures by our own standards. In other words, holding our culture to be the "right way" to do things.
Term
Ethics
Definition
Ethical concerns are many.
Term
Culture
Definition
"Culture, or civilization… is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of cociety" (Edward Tylor, 1871).
Term
Thick Description
Definition
idk
Term
Potlatch
Definition
Invite all your enemeies and friends and you give away all of your wealth, and then everyone else is politcally and socially weaker than you.
Term
Five Sexes
Definition
Male, Merm, Herm, Ferm, Female. Sex is not as black and white as male or female.
Term
Interpellation
Definition
How do we associate or interpellate gender. Just a term, not necessarily related to gender.
Term
Berdache
Definition
Men who fall under the role of female in a society. Partners of them do not consider themselves gay.
Term
"First Contact"
Definition
That movie with the three men who travel into wherever and shoot stuff.
Term
Bruce Knauft
Definition
The author of the Gebusi.
Term
Papua New Guinea
Definition
The home of the Gebusi and where Bruce Knauft conducted his field research.
Term
Yibihilu
Definition
The village that Bruce Knauft visited in Papua New Guinea.
Term
Kogwayay
Definition
Gebusi ideals and values, their culture, summed up in a single word. The word's parts, kog-way-yay break down into the words for "togetherness," "friendship," and "similarity."
Term
Sorcery
Definition
The Gebusi believe that anyone who dies has been afflicted by sorcery, thus whenever someone dies, a sorcery accusition/trial is initiated and they go witch-hunting.
Term
Daguwa
Definition
idk
Term
Saliam
Definition
idk
Term
Dugawe
Definition
Wife beater who ended up getting reported to the nomad police by his wife and getting sent to jail. Then when he came back and his wife had been getting with another man, he committed suicide by drinking fish poison. Everyone was pretty pissed at his wife.
Term
Yuway
Definition
A friend of Bruce's and he was one of their carriers when they had first arrived. When he returned for his second ethnography he found out that Yuway had joined the Seventh Day Adventist Church, and through him he discovers that much of the Gebusi religious practices has been dissolved.
Term
Boyl
Definition
Sayu's mother who died of a sudden sickenss while foraging for sago grubs.
Term
Sayu
Definition
His true parents died when he was young and he made a trek, at age seventten, to a modern town where he worked as a domestic helper and "houseboy." One time he and Bruce are walking back from a traditional cermony in an old forest village and Sayu doesn't want to be seen in his traditional dancing uniform, instead, he puts on pants and becomes a hybrid.
Term
Gami
Definition
She participates in a sister-exchange but after consumating the marriage she backs out and refuses to be apart of her new husband's househole. Bruce offers to try to get her out of it and wonderfs if that was a good idea.
Term
Doliay
Definition
A young initiate who often had oral sex with Hawi, another initiate, and they were good friends. Bruce was confused by this as typically initiates are discouraged from getting sexual release prior to initiation--lest they deplete the male essence contained in semen that they were accumulating.
Term
Wayabay
Definition
The young bachelor who came to Bruce asking for adameni. He was Bruce's subject for figuring out that instead of the typical Gebusi sister exchanges, the modern system made bachelors like Wayabay try to attract girls.
Term
Initiation
Definition
The rite of passage. A village often only has one of these per its lifetime and it brings the initiates into manhood. It is a massively large festival, the largest that the Gebusi ever participate in.
Term
Franz Boas
Definition
Founded anthropolgy in the United States. Brought the idea of Kultur into the united states (in other words, defined culture in a way other than the stupid way).
Term
Claude-Levi Strauss
Definition
Defined culture as a Bricolage, or structure.
Term
Bronislaw Malinowski
Definition
Concentrated on functionalism or functional anthropology: society serves to serve human biological needs.
Term
Radcliffe-Brown
Definition
Concentrated on structual anthropology: society serves its own needs.
Term
Michel Foucault
Definition
French person who thought about who makes the rules about who is insane or same, or what is appropriate or not.
Term
Napoleon Chagnon
Definition
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