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| The concept that phenomena, including aspects of behavior, are governed by biological or genetic factors. |
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| philosophy of race improvement through forced sterilization or increased reproduction among certain groups. |
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| species composed of populations that differ with regard to the expression of one or more traits. |
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| loci with more than one allele. can be expressed in the phenotype or exist solely at the DNA level. |
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| gradual change in the frequency of genotypes and phenotypes from one geographical region to another. |
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| slash and burn agriculture |
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| land clearing practice where trees and vegitation are cut and burned. |
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the ability to continue to produce the enzyme lactase in adults. most mammals lose this ability after they are weaned.
related to cultural dependence of fresh milk. |
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| the study of the frequency of alleles genotypes and phenotypes in populations from a microevolutionary perspective. |
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| The total compliment of genes shared by the reproductive members of a population. |
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| populations tht are clearly isolated geographically and/or socially from other breeding groups. |
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| Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium |
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| the mathematical relationship expressing under ideal conditions the predicted distributions of alleles in populations. |
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| any factor that acts to disrupt homeostasis and more precisely the body's response to stress. |
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| a condition of balance or stability within a biological system maintained by the interactions of physiological mechanisms that compensate for changes. |
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| physiological responses to changes in the environment that occur during an individual's lifetime. |
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| in early embryonic development the anatomical structure that develops to form the brain and the spinal cord. |
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| a condition in which the arch of one or more vertebrae fails to fuse and form a protective barrier around the spinl cord |
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| expansion of blood vessels permitting increased blood flow to the skin. |
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| narrowing of blood vessles to reduce blood flow to the skin. |
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| agents that serve to transmit disease from one carrier to another. |
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| continuously present in a population. |
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a disease that is transmitted to humans through contact with non-human animals.
ex. aids, swine flu, bird flu, whooping cough. |
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| any agents that infect a host and cause disease. |
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| an extensive outbreak of disease affecting large numbers of individuals over a large area. |
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| increase in mass or number of cells. |
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| differentiation of cells into different types of tissues and their maturation. |
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| the 9 of 22 amino acids that must be obtained from food because they are not synthesized by the body in suffcient amounts. |
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| twins from a single fertilized egg. |
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| twins from two separate eggs in teh same pregnancy |
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| responsible for secretion of hormones into the blood stream. |
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| first menstration in girls. |
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| the last menstration in women. |
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the process of physiological decline in body function that occurs with aging.
(like senial) |
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| genes that have more than one effect or genes that have different effects at different times in the lifecycle. |
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| the period in which humans begin to domesticate plants and animals. increased sedentism (homebodies) |
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| before the neolithic. humans increasingly exploited smaller animals increase variety of tools and became somewhat less nomadic. |
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| most recent epoch of the Cenozoic. Following the Pleistocene, it is estimated to have begun 10,000 years ago. |
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| in the arctic the greatest amount of sea ice present in one year (usually march) a reference of global warming. |
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| in the arctic the least amount of sea ice that is present in one year (usually september) |
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| What is cholesterol used for? |
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| Why do rural children have different poop than city children? |
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| They have different amounts of fiber in their diet. |
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| How have protien intake levels changed? |
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| People of the past consumed more than people today do. |
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| What to know about fiber. |
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| We eat less now and keep less in our body. |
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| Trans fats are bad. True or False? |
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| Omega 3 and Omega 6 fats need to be ratioed. Which do you need more of? |
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| linnaeus' taxonomic classificaion |
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| a system that classified humans into four categories. super racist and biologically unsupportable. |
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| The word ethnicity is used instead of race because... |
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| race is an emotionally charged term. ethnicity is more focused on ancestry. |
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| Racism is a cultural phenomenon found worldwide. True or False |
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| clinal distribution became an alternative to what by the 1960s? |
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| to racial groupings of human diversity. |
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| clinal distribution became an alternative to what by the 1960s? |
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| to racial groupings of human diversity. |
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| areas of nucleotide repetitions, vary between people, DNA fingerprint |
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| What is a main factor in the increase of infectious disease? |
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| increased sedentism and agricultural practices. ex. slash and burn agriculture and increased climate temp allows people to be closer to more mosquitos in africa. |
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| How has evidence suggested that cattle and humans co-evolved? |
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| Cattle hat produce high-quality milk and humans with the genetic capacity to digest it. |
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| factors that determine mate choice. |
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| geography, ecology, social environment. |
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| Vitamin D is necessary for... |
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| normal bone growth and mineralisation. lack of vitamin D as a child can cause rickets. |
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| In mammals, colder climates mean bigger body size to prevent heat loss. vice versa. |
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| in colder climates mammals have shorter apendages to prevent heat loss. vice versa. |
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| Infectious disease was teh number one cause of death until... |
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| the twentieth century. today 1/2 mortality in developing countries is due to it still compared to 10% in the US |
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| according to twin studies stature is under fairly strong genetic control. True or False |
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| Growth hormone, secreted by the anterior pituitary promotes growth and has an effect on just about every _____ in the body. |
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| when two things happen together they are more intense than if only one happened alone. ie. malnutrition and infectious disease. |
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| Breast feeding should be done for ____ years. |
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| one of the main causes of extinction is... |
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