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| Variants of a gene. Most genes possess more than one possible allele, the different alleles conveying different instructions for the development of a certain phenotype (for example, different blood types). |
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| The chief components of proteins. Each "word" in the genetic code stands for a specific amino acid. |
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| Strands of DNA in the nucleus of a cell |
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| When alleles of a pair are expressed in the phenotype. |
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Definition
| The three-base sequence that codes for a specific amino acid. Technically, the sequence on the mRNA. |
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| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
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Definition
| The molecule that carries the genetic code. |
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| The allele of a heterozygous pair that is expressed in the phenotype. |
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| Any nongenetic influence on the phenotype. Also refers to the conditions under which an organism exists, such as climate, altitude, other species, food sources, and so on. |
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| Proteins that control chemical processes. |
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| The cells of sexual reproduction, commonly sperm and egg, which only contain half of the chromosomes of a normal cell. |
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Definition
| Those portions of the DNA molecule that code for a functional product, usually a protein. |
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| The total genetic endowment of an organism. |
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| The alleles possessed by an organism. |
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| Having two different alleles in a gene pair. |
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| Having two of the same allele in a gene pair. |
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| The processes of cell division in which gametes are produced, each gamete having one-half the normal complement of chromosomes and, therefone, only one allele of each original pair. |
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| The basic laws of inheritance discovered by Gregor Mendel in the 19th Century |
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| The process of cell division that results in two exact copies of the original cell. |
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| a trait coded for by a single gene |
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| any mistake in an organism's genetic code. |
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| The idea that biological traits are controlled by individual facts rather than by a single all-encompassing hereditary agent. |
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| The chemical or physical results of the genetic code. |
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| a trait coded for by more than one gene. Skin colour is a plolygenic trait. |
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Definition
| The process by which the genetic code puts together proteins in the cell. |
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Definition
| Molecules that make cells and carry out cellular functions. Proteins are made out of amino acids. |
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Definition
| The allele of a heterozygous pair that is not expressed. For a recessive allele to be expressed, it must be homozygous. |
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Definition
| the copying of the genetic code during cell division |
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| In genetics, the breaking up of allele pairs in the production of gametes |
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| the fertilized egg before cell division begins |
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