Term
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Definition
| the marriage custom whereby a widow marries a brother of her dead husband |
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Definition
| The marriage custom whereby a widower marries his dead wife's sister |
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Term
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Definition
| A marriage form in which a man or a woman marries or lives with a series of partners in succession |
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Term
| Patrilateral cross-cousin marriage |
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Definition
| Marriage of a man to his father's sisters daughter |
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Term
| Matrilateral cross-cousin marriage |
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Definition
| Marriage of a woman to her father's sisters son or of a man to his mother's brothers daughter (her cross cousin on the paternal side, his cross cousin on the maternalside) |
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Term
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Definition
| Compensation the groom or his family pays to the bride's family on marriage |
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Term
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Definition
| A designated period after marriage when the groom works for the bride's family |
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Term
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Definition
| Payment of a woman's inheritance at the time of her marriage, either to her or to her husband |
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Term
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Definition
A married or common-law couple with or without children, or a lone parent with dependent children
Consaguine family |
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Term
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Definition
| A family unit consisting of a woman, her dependent offspring and the woman's brothers |
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Term
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Definition
| A family consisting of one (or more) man (who may be a female) married to one (or more) woman (who may be a male) and their offspring |
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Term
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Definition
| A married or common-law couple and their dependent children |
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Term
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Definition
| A family consisting of a man and his multiple wifes, along with their dependent children |
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Term
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Definition
| A family consisting of a woman and her multiple husbands, along with their dependent children |
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Term
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Definition
| The basic residential unit where economic production, consumption, inheritance, childrearing, and shelter are organized and implemented; may or may not be synonymous with family. |
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Term
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Definition
| A collection of nuclear families, related by ties of blood, that live together in one household |
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Term
| What did the extended family structure develop in response to? |
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Definition
| in response to a horticultural economy with a mix of agriculture, wild plant gather, fishing and some hunting |
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Term
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Definition
| A pattern in which a married couple lives in the locality associated with the husband's father's relatives |
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Term
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Definition
| A pattern in which a married couple lives in the locality associated with the wife's relatives |
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Term
| Who is an example of matrilocal residence (that we've studies) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A pattern in which a married couple may choose either matrilocal or patrilocal residence |
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Term
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Definition
| A pattern in which a married couple establishes its household in a location apart from either the husband's or the wife's relatives |
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Term
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Definition
| A pattern in which a married couple lives with the husband's mother's brother. |
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Term
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Definition
| A man marries several women who are sisters |
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Term
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Definition
| A woman marries several men who are brothers |
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Term
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Definition
| A descent group is a kind of kinship group whereby being a lineal descendent of a particular real or mythical ancestor is a criterion of membership. |
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Term
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Definition
| Composed of the people we are related to (blood relatives) and our affinal (through marriage) relatives |
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Term
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Definition
| friends not biologically related but considered part of a kin group. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any publicly recognized social entity requiring lineal descent from a particular real or mythical ancestor for membership |
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Term
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Definition
| Descent that establishes group membership exclusively through either the mother's or the father's line |
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Term
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Definition
| Descent traced exclusively through the female line to establish group membership |
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Term
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Definition
| Descent traced exclusively through the male line to establish group membership |
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Term
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Definition
| A system tracing descent matrilineally for some purposes and patrilineally for others |
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Term
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Definition
| Descent in which the individual may affiliate with either the mother's or the father's descent group |
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Term
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Definition
| A corporate descent group whose members trace their genealogical links to a common ancestor |
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Term
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Definition
| the splitting of a descent group into two or more new descent group |
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Term
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Definition
| A noncorporate descent group whose members claim descent from a common ancestor without actually knowing the genealogical links to that ancestor |
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Term
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Definition
| The belief that people are related to particular animals, plants, or natural objects by virture of descent from common ancestral spirits. |
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Term
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Definition
| Each group that results from a division of a society into two halves on the basis of descent |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of consanguineal kin linked by their relationship to one living individual includes both maternal and paternal kin. |
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Term
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Definition
A system of kinship terminology. (lineal system).
Distinguishes mother, father, brother, and sister while lumping together all other relatives into broad catagories such as uncle, aunt and cousin.
(one used in northern america!) |
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Term
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Definition
kinship terminology.
father and fathers brother given single term.
mother and mother's sister given single term.
Fathers sister and mother's brother given different terms
Parallel cousins are classified with brother's and sisters
Cross cousins are classified separately |
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Term
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Definition
| An organized category of people based on age; every individual passes through a series of such categories during a lifetime |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of people born in the same time period. Age-sets may hold political, religious, military, or economic power as a group |
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Term
| Common-interest associates |
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Definition
| Associations not based on age, kinship, marriage, or territory but that result from the act of joining |
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Term
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Definition
| instituionalized inequality resulting in some groups receiving differential access to power, wealth and prestige |
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Term
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Definition
| Accumulation of financial resources, material possessions, wives and children, and the potential for future earnings |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to reach personal, financial and professional goals regardless of obstacles |
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Term
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Definition
| The social esteem others holdf or an individual |
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Term
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Definition
| Societies in which ranking and inequality among members vary |
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Term
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Definition
| Groups in which members enjoy equal access to resources and positions |
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Term
| Functionalist theory of stratification |
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Definition
| A theory suggesting that inequality is necessary to maintain complex societies. |
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Term
| Conflict theory of stratification |
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Definition
| A theory suggesting that a power struggle takes place between the upper and lower levels of society |
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Term
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Definition
| groups of people who are catagorized based on biological and behavioral traits |
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Term
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Definition
| The perception that some groups are biologically and culturally inferior to other groups |
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Term
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Definition
| Legally sanctioned restrictions based on the ideology that Whites are biologcally and socially superior to non-Whites |
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Term
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Definition
| A category of individuals who enjoy equal or nearly equal prestige according to the evaluation system |
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Term
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Definition
| Status an individual earns |
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Term
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Definition
| A special form of social class in which membership is determined by birht and remains fixed for life |
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Term
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Definition
| Status people are born into |
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Term
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Definition
| The way epople in a stratified society evaluate society members |
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Term
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Definition
| Whom we associate with and in what context, reflecting social class. |
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Term
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Definition
| In a stratified society, activities and possessions indicative of social class |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to change one's class position |
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Term
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Definition
| Stratified societies that severely restrict social mobility |
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Term
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Definition
| Stratified societies that permit a great deal of social mobility |
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Term
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Definition
| Unequal access to wealth, power, and prestige, which results in a disadvantaged, subordinate position for women |
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Term
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Definition
| A small group of related households occupying a particular region that gather periodically but that do not yield their sovereignty to the larger collective |
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Term
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Definition
| A general agreement among adult members of a group |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of nominally independent communities occupying a specific region and sharing a common language and culture integrated by some unifying factor |
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Term
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Definition
| A regional polity in which two or more local groups are organized undr a single chief, who is at the head of a ranked hierarchy of people |
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Term
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Definition
| In anthropology, a centralized political system with the power to coerce |
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Term
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Definition
| Communities of people who see themselves as "one people" on the basis of common ancestry. History, society, insitituions, ideology, language, territory, and (often) religion |
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Term
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Definition
| Control through beliefs and values deeply internalized in the minds of individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| Controls over groups through coercion and sanctions |
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Term
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Definition
| Externalized social controls designed to encourage conformity to social norms |
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Term
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Definition
| Formal negative sanctions |
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Term
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Definition
| A set of rituals, rationalized by myth, that mobilizes supernatural powers to achieve or prevent transformations of state in people and nature |
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Term
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Definition
| Belief in several gods and/or goddesses (as contrasted with monotheism - bleief to one god) |
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Term
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Definition
| A collection of gods and goddesses |
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Term
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Definition
| A belief in spirit beings thought to animate nature |
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Term
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Definition
| A belief that the world is animated by impersonal supernatural powers |
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Term
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Definition
| A sacred narrative explaining how the world came to be in its present form |
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Term
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Definition
| A full-time religious expert |
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Term
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Definition
| A part-time religious specialist who has unique power acquired through his or her initiative, such individuals are thought to possess exceptional abilities for dealing with supernatural beings and powers |
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Term
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Definition
| Rituals, often religious in nature, marking important stages in the lives of individuals, such as birth, marriage and death |
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Term
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Definition
| Religious rituals enacted during a groups real or potential crisis |
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Term
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Definition
| In rites of passage, the ritual removal of the individual from society |
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Term
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Definition
| In rites of passage, a stage where the individual is isolated following separation and prior to incorporation into society |
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Term
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Definition
| In rites of passage, reincorporation of the individual into society in his or her new status |
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Term
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Definition
| Magic based on the principle that like produces like |
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Term
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Definition
| Magic based on the principle that beings once in contact can influence one another after separation |
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Term
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Definition
| A socially restricted behaviour |
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Term
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Definition
| An explanation of events based on the belief that certain individuals possess an innate psychic power capable of causing harm, including sickness and death. Also includes beliefs and practices of benevolent magic. |
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Term
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Definition
| A neo-pagan belief system involving magic |
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Term
| Reconstructionist religions |
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Definition
| Modern-day revivals of ancient pagan religions |
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Term
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Definition
| The chance discovery or invention of a new principle |
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Term
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Definition
| Something new that results from the deliberate application of known principles |
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Term
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Definition
| The spread of customs or practices from one culture to another |
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Term
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Definition
| Major cultural changes people are forced to make owing the intensive firsthand contact between societies |
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Term
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Definition
| The extermination of one people by another, often in the name of "progress" either as a deliberate act or as the accidental outcome of one people's activities done with little regard for their impact on others |
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Term
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Definition
| The use of anthropological knowledge and techniques for solving "practical" problems, often for specific "client" |
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Term
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Definition
| The overthrow of a government by force |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of cultural and socioeconomic change, whereby developing societies acquire some of the characteristics of Western industrialized societies |
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Term
| Structural differentiation |
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Definition
| The division of single traditional rules, which embrace two or more functions (for example, political, economic and religious) into two or more roles, each with a single specialized function |
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Term
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Definition
| Cultural mechanisms that oppose a society's differentiation forces in modernizing societies, they include forma governmental structures, official state ideologies, political parties, legal codes, and labour and trade union and other common0interest associations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Violence exerted by situations, institutions, and social, political, and economic structures. |
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Term
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Definition
| When birth rates and death rates are in equilibrium; people produce only enough offspring to replace themselves when they die |
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