Term
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Definition
| Practical application of science, industrial arts, interfacing/adaptation to envir. |
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Term
| Technological Determinism |
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Definition
Technology integral to the human adaptation, if not strictly definitive of it
-Hawkes (Binford)/ pyramid
-Forms of technology determinism
-CJ Thomsen: Three Age System (bronze, etc.)
-VG Childe: Ag/Civ Revolutions
-LA White: Ev Anth
-Karl Marx: Production |
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Term
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Definition
Act of distributing things into discrete, clear boundaries categories (types) defined by common set of attributes
Ordering of elements into a system of classes allowing us to study the relationship between them. |
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Term
Carl Von Linne
Linnean taxonomy |
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Definition
-Swedish naturalist
-Classification of bio world in hierarchical fashion acc. to degrees of similarity
-Modern Linnaean taxonomy
-Subspecies, species, genera, families…. order, class, kingdom
-Branches define degrees of similarity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Classification based on one or more directly observable attribute |
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Term
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Definition
Classification based on one or more attribute that is inferred or hypothesized, but not directly observable
-E.g., biological species = capability of producing fertile offspring |
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Term
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Definition
Systematic organization of artifacts into "types" of basis of shared attributes. Same thing as Linnean except for artifacts.
Oscar Montelius: transformed Carl von Linne's taxonomic system into a typological approach that all archaeologists today use, in one form or another |
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Term
Attribute
-Technological
-Form
-Function
-Stylistic |
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Definition
Minimal characteristic of physical remain such that it cannot be further subdivided
-Technological: characteristics of raw materials and methods used to manufacture/maintain an artifact (life history stages)
-Form: characteristics of 3D shape of the artifact
-Functional: characteristics that pertain to the ways in which an artifact was used (i.e. its role in systemic context)
-Stylistic: characteristics that are unique to a particular person, a group of people or period of time. |
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Term
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Definition
Class or category of data defined by a consistent and unique clustering of attributes (ie, they are shared)
-Consistent: usually or always present
-Unique: mutually exclusive |
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Term
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Definition
View that natural world is ordered in systematic and observable ways and that classification system of scientist is accurate and precise rep. of this natural order
-One just has to find right attributes |
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Term
| Artificial Classification |
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Definition
Although there is natural world order, it is too complex for us to accurately and precisely represent in a classification system. Classification is arbitrary imposition of order that may not have any necessary relationship to reality
-It's all arbitrary (most extreme view) |
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Term
| Verification of Classification Systems |
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Definition
Action of est. or testing truth or correctness of fact, theory, statement, etc., by means of special investigation or comparison of data
-Statistical approaches
-Classification leads to statistically significant patterning
-E.g.: Hair color vs. age vs. gender as a good predictor of… better than hair color is good predictor of…. |
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