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ANTH 1102 Hominins
Test #1
14
Anthropology
Undergraduate 4
09/26/2010

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Term
Ardipithecus kadabba
Definition
6-3 million years ago
Earliest known hominin
Found in Ethiopia
Probably bipedal
Apelike size and anatomy
Term
Ardipithecus ramidus
Definition
4.4 million years ago
Found in Ethiopia
Probably bipedal
Anterior foramen magnum
Term
Australopithecus anamensis
Definition
4.2-3.9 million years ago
Found in Kenya
Probably bipedal
Similar tibia to humans
Term
Australopithecus afarensis
Definition
3.8-3 million years ago
Found in Tanzania and Ethiopia
Skeletal evidence of bipedalism
Lucy was one
Term
Australopithecus africanus
Definition
3-2 million years ago
Found in South Africa
Bipedal
Mixed apelike and humanlike teeth and features
Omnivorous diet with an emphasis on tough plant foods
Term
Australopithecus robustus
Definition
2-1 million years ago
Found in South Africa
Bipedal
Mixed teeth
Omnivorous diet
Bigger body and brain than Australopitechus africanus
Term
Australopithecus boisei
Definition
2.6-1 million years ago
Found in East Africa
Mixed teeth
Huge molars similar to modern day gorillas
Low-quality vegetarian diet
Term
Australopithecus garhi
Definition
2.5 million years ago
Found in Ethiopia
First use of stone tools
Ate meat and bone marrow
Term
Homo habilis
Definition
2-1.7 million years ago
Found in Tanzania
Larger brain and skull capacity
Less dependent on tough plant food
Precision grip and smaller hands
Short with long, apelike limbs
Term
Homo rudolfensis
Definition
1.8 million years ago
Found in Kenya
Larger brain and skull capacity than Homo habilis
Term
Cranial Changes of Homo erectus
Definition
Larger brain
Smaller post-canine teeth
Thicker brow ridge
Smaller jaw
Slightly shorter face
Term
Post-Cranial Changes of Homo erectus
Definition
Taller, larger body size
Shorter arms
Longer legs
Barrel-shaped chest and torso
Term
Cranial Traits of Neandertals
Definition
Occipital bun
Projecting midface
Elongated skull
Prominent brow ridge
Large incisors
Brain size similar to AMHs
Term
Post-cranial Traits of Neandertals
Definition
Very robust with strong builds
Large, barrel-shaped torsos and chests
Wide shoulders and long collar bones
Longer femurs in ratio to tibia/fibula
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