Term
| Anthropological Perspective |
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Definition
-time and space (evolution -> present -> future)
-present humanity and diversity world wide
-1. comparative
-2. Holistic |
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| The study of hunmanity, human beings and people |
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cross cultural - collect material and compare
-each anthrop has one particular area of interest
-find out whats particular/local and whats universal
ex: marriage in the family |
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Cultural change - helps to understand
1. family and kinship
2. politics
3. economics
4. religion
2. cultures are dynamic
--internal proccesses (inventions)
--external (war)
Helps to understand ALL aspects of culture
-everyday/extravagant aspects of life
-integrated whole- no aspect can be sepreated out and be more imp. than the rest - culture can't be understood unless you understand it all
THEY ARE INTERRELATED |
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the sets of learned beliefs, practices and valutes that are acquired by people as memebers of society
-study first hand and report ab the ways of life of particular cultural groups
-compare diverse cultures in search of general principles about human nature(comparative)
-try to understand various aspects of social life relate to one another in part. cultures (hollistic)
-causes and consequences of culture change
-seek to enhance public understanding of cultural difference and appreciation of cultural diversity |
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the study of past societies throught the evidence of material culture
-human history, past societies
- pre history
-things made, tools, ways to burry dead
-past holes
-settlement patterns ect. |
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| physical or bilogical anthro |
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the study of human origins and contemporary bilolgical diversity
ex: paleoanthropologists, primatologist
-evolutionary theory, human fossil record, skeletal remains
-genetics
-anatomy, human behavior |
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-human evolution
-fossil record, teeth, bones
-how humans evolved
-dealing with the past |
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social behavior of non-human primates
-chimps and gorillas to learn more about our own social behavior
JANE GOODALL tanzia |
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all share holistic and comparative approach
1. archaeology
2. biological anthro
3. cultural anthro
4. linguistic anthro |
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| study of living and recent cultures |
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-smallest field
-study of lang. culture and society
-transcribe non-western lang
-live with communities, learn lang, write dictionaries
-how people/children leran lang
-lang people speak acts as a carrier of cultural values and beliefs |
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| the use of anthro to present solutions to problem in the read world |
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| Cultural resource management (CRM) |
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Definition
aa
assesing possible culure impact of large construction projects |
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applied biological antho
-part groups ideas about illness and health to indroduce new public health practices in a way that makes sence to people there
ex. over population, birth control, resists b/c cultural values and beleives, family planning work with them so mare likely to use it |
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applied biological anthro
-study of human remains for purpolse of solving crimes
-called in by law enforcement agencies
-examine remains to determine age, sex and height
-masacures, terrorisime, genoside, mass graves to help identify human remans
-Bosia, Ukoslavia - pease
-clyde snow, jfk, city bombing, king tut, arakis |
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aa
ex: OU, athens school - improve standard test for bilingual students
-eng. as a second lang
-community and towns with diverse population |
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applied cultural
-indigenous (native) people, helpt adapt to change and preserve tradition
-indigenous native cultural group with historical background, enhabited region throught periods of change (collinization, state formation)
-sense of spereate identity
-indigenous rights heritage |
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cultural aa
-community development innitiatives
-local groups to implament development programs in communities
-India, Brazil, small lcoal communities with local concerns to address poverty
-also with non-govt organizations |
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Anthropologists entering into public debates on issues of broad concern (social issues)
Issues: Foreign policiy
homelessness
violence
environmental issues
impact of globalization |
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social creatures live with groups of people, familes, communities, influene the way we behave and see the world
-beliefs, practices and values shape interactions with one another the way people see the world and themselves |
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Social reproduction
Culture is learned |
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Definition
influence behavior, thought and belief for generation
-pattern of reproduction |
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| Culture is based on symbols |
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Definition
-based on meaning and expressed through symbols
-something that stands for something else
-lang is symbolic, acts as medium of culture
-sequences of sounds |
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| cross cultural encounters |
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Definition
explores, traders missionaries, travelers, colonial administrators
-westerners encounters pplwith radically different ways of life
-charles darwin of natural selection
-human change occurs through struggle among competing organisms
-changed to explain change among societeis |
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| Theory about human societies prominent in the 19th century |
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| Premis of social evolution |
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Definition
european civilization was the culmination of a series of gradual changes of simpler begninning
savages-primative-evolved
explain how these places evolove...catch up or die out |
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the idea that western white men have a moral responsibility to help backwards people become civilized and christian
-part of social evolution
-no longer a theory |
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the tendecy to look at the world primarily from teh perspective of ones own culture
judge other cultures compared to our own
ex. eskimo indian world, bizarre and strange, meat eaters, eaters of flesh |
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the principle that an individuals beliefs and activities makes sense in terms of his or her own culture
-witchcraft makes sense in context of ones own cultuer
-conceptual tool to refut western ethnocentrism
ex. rewondian genocide 1994, mass murder in 3 months, how this happened? |
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is the position that cultuer absolutly determines actions, beliefs adn values
culture determines the way they think and act
NOT ANTH POSITION
e-rowandas culture determined their actions
-outside factors (blame away)
-ppl themselves
-end with culture |
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| Assumpsoins of Cultural determinism |
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Definition
1. cultures are neatly bounded
2. each culture permits people only one way to interpret the world
3. people are passively molded by culture
- cannot makes decision on their own |
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| capasity of humans to make choices |
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method anthro's use, helps distinguish anthro
-indiv human |
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field work stages
1. entering the field |
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Definition
anthro gain permission to work there
-a lot of ppl with dff. positions
-start w ppl w most control-gain permission and worl down
-then explain presencce, why they are there
-ppl think kyou're interesting
-gain trust of ppl
-familiarity with setting |
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Definition
| syndrom brought about by a society by losing all familiar cues, anxiety, frusterated, angry, need or desire familarity, couple week |
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field work stage
2. normalization and trust |
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Definition
rapid learning and cuphoria
-the sustained learning period |
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field work stage
3. conclusions |
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Definition
-cleanup and concentrated data collection
-say goodbye
-return home- analyze data and write about it |
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a scholarly anthro. work about a specific way of a life of a society, based on filedworld in that society
-non-fiction
-gets at question 'why?' |
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participant observation
fw method |
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Definition
the anthro takes part os fully as possible in the groups social activities, while also observing those activities as an ousdier
-discomfort
-train |
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fw method
formal interviews/infromal |
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Definition
| sit down one on one, ask questions, take notes of answers |
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pay attention to how ppl use local spaces, meaning attached
ex. ou |
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fw methods
social networking |
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| chart of social groups, how ppl relate to one another |
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fw method
kinship charts (families and networks) |
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| oral accounts of hist. of communities |
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| test, what ppl say, your observation |
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incompleteness
the knowledege that anthros gain through fieldwork is partial and incomplete |
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| how identity affects roles in society |
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Definition
-it does not provide a total understanding of society
-it is based on certain points of view and no others
-some poeple, and some poins of view left out |
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raise questions about the extent to which anthros shoudl become involved in and possible alter the experiences of the peole they study
-always part of fieldwork
-living and interaction with humans
ex. visit friend, daughter and son sick
-next day better adn will be fine
-misleading frusterated
-shouldn't lie to him
-what do u know about it
-always ask questions, never learn anything
-they have one set of values and she has another
-gap bt values can they every make leap |
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Definition
anthro has high degree
-not purely science or objective
-coming from own culture
-you are coming from a particular background
-reflection |
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