Term
| ocular adnexal tissues disorder |
|
Definition
contact dermatitis
chronic blepharitis
stye
dacryocystitis *
orbital cellulitis *
orbital tumor * |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hypersensitivity reaction to topical medication or cosmetics
erthematous, leathery, scaly thickening of skin |
|
|
Term
| contact dermatitis treatment |
|
Definition
discontinue use of agent
may need topical steriod cream
refer if not resolved in 2 weeks |
|
|
Term
chronic blepharitis
causes |
|
Definition
inflammation of eyelids follicles
anterior: S. aures infection of skin, cilia follicles
posterior: infection/inflammation of meibomain glands |
|
|
Term
chronic blepharitis
clinical presentation |
|
Definition
foreign body sensation
crusting of skin
redness, swelling, scaly, flaky debris on lid margins
mild conjunctival hyperemia |
|
|
Term
chronic blepharitis
treatment |
|
Definition
warm compresses 2/day
lid hygiene with baby shampoo
antibiotic ointment (bacitracin)or oral antibodies (doxycycline) |
|
|
Term
stye
what and clinical presentation |
|
Definition
focal inflammation of ciliary follicles and meibomian glands
painful, tender focal mounding over days
mild conjunctival hyperemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
warm compresses up to 4 times/day
may develop chronic granuloma
chalazion from scarring of a stye -> excision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inflammation of lacrimal sac
- 2nd to bacgerial infection due to nasolacrimal passage obstruction
Infant: passage fails to open
adult: chronic rhinitis, sinusitis, facial trauma, neoplasm |
|
|
Term
dacryocystitis
presentation |
|
Definition
tender, swelling in medial lower lid
discharge, tearing
conjunctival hyperemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
children: oral amoxillin for 10 days
- IV cefuroxime
- refer if not improved within 24 hours
Adults
- oral cephalexin for 10days
- IV cefazolin
- need to rule out sinusitis, cancer or deformity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
diffuse bacteria infection of periocular tissue
secondary to skin infection, paranasal sinusitis |
|
|
Term
orbital cellulitis
presentation |
|
Definition
swelling, discoloration of lids
mild conjunctival hyperemia
proptosis
vision loss
reduced ocular motility |
|
|
Term
orbital cellulitis
treatment |
|
Definition
IV abx
imaging
incision and drainage |
|
|
Term
orbital tumor
presentation |
|
Definition
extends to paranasal sinuses, distant metastasis
pain, diplopia, proptosis, tearing, conjunctival hyperemia, visual loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
imaging
referral to specialist |
|
|
Term
| conjunctiva/sclera disorders |
|
Definition
conjunctivitis (dangerous if bacterial)
episcleritis
scleritis *
pinguecula
pterygium
subconjunctival hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
bacterial conjunctivitis
cuases |
|
Definition
more common in immuno-suppressed patients or exposed to hospital pathogens
organisms: S. aureus, pneumococcus, H-flu, N. gonorrhoeae |
|
|
Term
bacterial conjunctivitis
presentation |
|
Definition
ocular pain
diffuse hyperemia and swelling
**purulent discharge |
|
|
Term
bacterial conjunctivitis
treatment |
|
Definition
mild cases: observe for 24 hours
topic erythomycin, aminoglycoside, trimethoprim, or fluoroquinolone
N. gonorrhea: IV ceftriaxone
refer if
- infant, compromised adult
- N. gonorrhea is suspected
- contact lens patients
- recent eye surgery |
|
|
Term
ophthalmia neonatorum
organisms and prophylaxis |
|
Definition
conjunctivitis in infant
infection in birth canal
- Chlamydia
- N. gonorrhoease
- HSV
Prophylaxis: silver-nitrate |
|
|
Term
viral conjunctivitis
what |
|
Definition
most common cause of red eye
self-limited
organism: adenovirus |
|
|
Term
viral conjunctivitis
presentation |
|
Definition
diffuse hyperemia with follicles
water discharge **
tender, swollen preauricular node** |
|
|
Term
viral conjunctivitis
treatment |
|
Definition
don't need abx
topical lubrication
cold compresses
proper hygiene to avoid spread (very contigous) |
|
|
Term
chlamydial conjunctivitis
forms |
|
Definition
trachoma
neonatal inclusion
adult inclusion |
|
|
Term
chlyamydial conjunctivitis
presentation |
|
Definition
hyperemia conjunctiva with follicles at inner margin
mild mucoid discharge |
|
|
Term
chlamydial conjunctivitis
treatment |
|
Definition
culture
oral erythomycin/azithromycin
treat sexual partners or parents |
|
|
Term
allergic conjunctivitis
what |
|
Definition
seasonal response
- airborne allergens, pollen, grass, trees
- IgE hypersensitivity, mast cell mediated |
|
|
Term
allergic conjunctivitis
presentation |
|
Definition
itching
eyelid edema
watery discharge
conjunctival hyperemia |
|
|
Term
allergic conjunctivitis
treatment |
|
Definition
systemic antihistamines
OTC vasoconstrictors, antihistamines
H1 blocker, mast cell stabilizer
topica NSAIDS |
|
|
Term
autoimmune conjunctivitis
causes |
|
Definition
systemic disease
- graves
- rhematoid arthritis
- Sjogren syndrome |
|
|
Term
autoimmune conjunctivitis
presentation |
|
Definition
chronic, low grade conjunctival hyperemia
minimal discharge |
|
|
Term
autoimmune conjunctivitis
treatment |
|
Definition
underlying condition
require systemic/local immunosuppression
refer: within 2 weeks to rule out other causes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
idiopathic focal inflammation of deep subconjunctival tissue
not associated with systemic disease |
|
|
Term
episcleritis
presentation |
|
Definition
eye pain
focal or diffuse hyperemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
refer: severe pain
oral NSAIDS
topical lubrication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
focal or diffuse inflammation of sclera
associated with systemic disease, e.g rhematoid arthritis
- can be the first prsentation of disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
severe pain
scleral thinning with dark purple color |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
evaluation of systemic involvement
systemic immunosuppression (depends on disease) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
degeneration of collagen in nasal and temporal bulbar conjunctiva
secondary to sun and wind exposure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mild ocular discomfort
focal hyperemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fibrovascular proliferation of bulbar conjunctiva growing over cornea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hyperemic growth over cornea
blurred vision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
subconjunctival hemorrhage
what |
|
Definition
sudden increcrease in intrathoracic pressure
- sneezing, coughing, strain, HTN, anticoagulation, blood dyscrasias |
|
|
Term
subconjunctival hemorrhage
treatment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
abrasion
non-traumatic keratopathy
- infection, drying, corneal endothelial dysfunction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inflammation of cornea
- infection
- dry eye
- contact lens overwear
- autoimmune disorders |
|
|
Term
keratitis
clinical presentation |
|
Definition
blurry vision
pain
photophobia
foreign body sensation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
trigeminal nerve
URI
unilateral follicular blepharoconjunctivitis
conjunctival ulcers
keratitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
100% trigeminal ganglia after 60
0.15% history of external ocular HSV
20% stromal keratitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reactivation of latent virus in sensory ganglia
blepharoconjunctivitis
epithelial keratitis
- stromal edema
- ghost dendrite with stain
- hypoesthesia (decrease corneal sensation) |
|
|
Term
infectious corneal ulcer
symptoms and signs |
|
Definition
pain, decreased vision, photophobia, epiphora
conjunctival injection, lid edema, epithelial ulceration with suppurative stromal inflammation
anterior chamber reaction |
|
|
Term
| gram positive pathogens keratitis |
|
Definition
round ulceration
grayish-white stromal infiltrate
distinct borders
minimal surrounding edema
stromal abscess
perforation |
|
|
Term
| gram negative pathogens keratitis |
|
Definition
associated with contact lenses
acute progression with intense inflammatory response
diffuse central/paracentral ulceration
mucopurulent discharge
surrounding edema: ground grass
stromal abscess
perforation |
|
|
Term
| anterior chamber disorders |
|
Definition
uveitis
angle closure glaucoma
infection (endophthalmitis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inflammation of iris and cilliary muscle
autoimmune reaction |
|
|
Term
anterior uveitis
presentation |
|
Definition
pain
photophobia
blurry vision
ciliary flush
irregular pupil |
|
|
Term
anterior uveitis
treatment |
|
Definition
refer
topical corticosteroids, cycloplegic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sudden elevation of intraocular pressure
- blockage in outflow of aqueous humor from ciliary muscle out of pupil to venous drainage |
|
|
Term
acute angle closure
presentation |
|
Definition
acute periocular pain
nausea/vomiting
headache
photophobia
blurry vision
ciliary flush |
|
|
Term
acute angle closure
treatment |
|
Definition
topical timolol - decrease intraocular pressure
oral acetazolamide - decrease aqueous humor flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
infection of inside of eye
- trauma
- surgery
- systemic infection |
|
|
Term
endopthalmitis
presentation |
|
Definition
pain
visual loss
redness
hazy cornea
hypopyon (layer of WBC) |
|
|
Term
endophthalmitis
treatment |
|
Definition
refer immediately
intraocular fluid culture
intraocular and topical antibiotics |
|
|
