Term
| For how long is the ova viable? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| For how long is sperm viable? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the total number of hours that an ovum can be fertilized? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| How many chromosomes does the ova have? What about the sperm? |
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Definition
| They each have 23 chromosomes |
|
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Term
| Which parent determines the sex of the baby? |
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Definition
| The father (the sperm) determines the sex of the baby |
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Term
| Stage when female egg is fertilized through the first week of prenatal life |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Where does the blastocyst implant itself? |
|
Definition
| Into the fundus of the uterus |
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Term
| This is a very rapid stage of fetal development that begins at fertilization and ends 8 weeks after fertilization. This is the time the "baby" is most susceptible to teratogens and environmental factors like radiation, infection, and drugs. |
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Definition
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Term
| This stage of fetal development begins after the 8th week is complete. You will be able to see finger and toes on an ultrasound. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is when the fetus is considered viable outside the womb. |
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Definition
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Term
| 1 - 12/14 weeks of pregnancy |
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Definition
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Term
| Begins at 28 weeks of pregnancy |
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Definition
|
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Term
| begins at 12 or 14 weeks pregnancy and lasts to 28 weeks |
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Definition
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Term
| Trimester during which the fetus becomes viable |
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Definition
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Term
| Full term is this many weeks |
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Definition
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Term
| A preterm baby is born at this many weeks |
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Definition
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Term
| A woman is able to feel that her uterus is enlarged, has had no period in several months, and she feels that there is a fetus moving inside of her. By this description, the nurse knows that the woman has what type of signs of pregnancy? |
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Definition
| Presumptive signs. Presumptive signs may be subjective or objective and while they may be signs of pregnancy, there are also alternative explanations. |
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Term
| We learned about 8 presumptive signs of pregnancy. What were they? |
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Definition
| Amenorrhea, N/V, urinary frequency, breast tenderness and enlargement, fatigue, quickening (mother's perception that fetus is moving), hyperpigmentation/skin changes, and uterine enlargement |
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Term
| Using a doppler over a woman's lower abdomen, the primary care provider is able to hear heart tones. The nurse knows this is what type of sign of pregnancy? |
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Definition
| This is a positive/conclusive sign of pregnancy. It is an example of auscultation of heart tones. |
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Term
| 5 months after a woman's missed period, the nurse feels fetal movement when palpating the mother. The nurse knows this is what type of sign of pregnancy? |
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Definition
| Positive/conclusive sign. |
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Term
| This softening of the tip of the uterus is a probable sign of pregnancy |
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Definition
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Term
| This is a softening of the neck area between the lower uterus and upper cervix:___________. What type of sign of pregnancy is it (presumptive/probable/positive)? |
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Definition
| Hegar's sign is a probable sign of pregnancy. |
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Term
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Definition
| A bluish/purpleish discoloration of the cervix and vagina. This is a probable sign of pregnancy. |
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Term
| The primary care provider taps the lower uterus sharply, causing the fetus to move upward in the amniotic fluid. What is this called? What does it suggest? |
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Definition
| This is ballottment. It can usually be done at 16-20 weeks and is a probable sign of pregnancy. |
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Term
| A woman feels some irritating uterine contractions at 30 weeks. She calls her health care provider, who tells her to try taking a short walk. After the walk, the contractions cease. The health care provider knows these were probably _______-_________ ___________, because they were painless and relieved by walking. |
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Definition
| Braxton-Hicks contractions are "false contractions," which are painless and are usually relieved by walking. |
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Term
| A nurse places a stethoscope over the uterus of a woman and hears a swooshing sound along with the woman's pulse. What is this called and what does it suggest? |
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Definition
| Uterine souffle is a probable sign of pregnancy. |
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Term
| A woman takes 3 home pregnancy tests and they are all positive. Why does her primary care provider then do an ultrasound? |
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Definition
| A pregnancy test is a probable, not positive sign of pregnancy. |
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Term
| When can a heartbeat be seen on an ultrasound? When is the baby able to be visualized? |
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Definition
| The heart beat can usually be seen at 6 weeks, but the baby may be seen before that, from 4-6wks. |
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Term
| When are Braxon-Hicks contractions likely to begin and how long do they last? In what way do these contractions benefit the fetus and the mother? |
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Definition
They begin at the end of the 1st trimester and continue throughout pregnancy.
They increase blood flow to the placenta and fetus, prepare the fetus for delivery, "ripen" the cervix for labor.
Some people feel them, some do not. |
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Term
| At a 12 week checkup, where would you expect the fundus of the uterus to be, on a pregnant woman? |
|
Definition
| palpable above the symphysis pubis. |
|
|
Term
| At which week of pregnancy should the nurse expect to palpate the fundus at the xiphoid process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At which week does the mother feel the fetus moving down? |
|
Definition
| about 38 weeks the mother has a sensation of lower abdomen destention produced by uterine decent. "Lightening in primigravida." |
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Term
| A woman who just went into labor tells her nurse that she has been concerned about a whitish discharge that she had prior to labor contractions. How should the nurse respond? |
|
Definition
| Prior to labor, a woman will pass her mucous plug. This is normal and expected. The mucous plug (operculum) is made of progesterone and has been protecting the fetus from infection and bacteria. |
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Term
| A pregnant woman asks the nurse why she has been experiencing thick, white vaginal secretions. What should the nurse tell her? |
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Definition
| Luecorrhea is acidic in PH and protects the vagina from infection. |
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Term
| Part of a woman's breast that creates a fatty substance that the baby is attracted to and provides lubrication for breastfeeding. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| First excretion of breast milk. Has a lot of protein:_________. At how many weeks gestation is it able to be expressed manually? |
|
Definition
| Colostrum can be expressed manually at about 12 weeks. |
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Term
| A pregnant woman begins feeling dizzy and clammy when she is lying flat on her back. Why does this happen and what should the nurse do? |
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Definition
| Supine hypotension happens because pressure is placed on the vena cava. The woman should lay on her side, ideally her LEFT side. The nurse may also place a small pillow under the woman. She should not lie supine after 20 weeks pregnant. |
|
|
Term
| What is the effect of pregnancy on H&H? |
|
Definition
It decreases due to hemodilution.
So Hemoglobin might be <12 and Hematocrite might be <37% |
|
|
Term
| What is the expected leukocytes of a pregnant woman? |
|
Definition
| 9-15,000. The increase might be because of added stress on the mom. |
|
|
Term
| What is one very important reason pregnant women should keep active? |
|
Definition
| To reduce risk of blood clot, which increases in the pregnant woman. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Excessive salivation where saliva has a bitter taste. It is a cultural symptom of pregnancy. |
|
|
Term
| A pregnant woman with a UTI is likely to have a dilated uterus and kidneys on which side? |
|
Definition
| Right side, due to position of uterus. |
|
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Term
| A pregnant woman has a red rash on her face. What is this called? |
|
Definition
| Chloasma. This usually goes away after pregnancy. |
|
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Term
| A pregnant woman has little red spots, clustered on the middle of her torso. What is this called and why does it happen? |
|
Definition
| Vascular spider nevi occur because of increased subQ blood flow due to increased estrogen |
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Term
| A Jamaican woman who drinks a lot of carrot juice has bright red/orange palms. This might be confused with another condition:_______ |
|
Definition
| Palmar erythema, which is most common in Caucasian woman |
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Term
| This is when the rectus abdominus muscle separates. What is one tool that can be used to help this? |
|
Definition
| Diastasis recti-- a support girdle may be used. |
|
|
Term
| If a woman is at her IBW prior to pregnancy, how much weight should she gain due to pregnancy? What if she is overweight? |
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Definition
| A woman with IBW pre-pregnancy should gain 25-35 lbs. She should gaing 3.5 lbs in the first trimester and one pound per week afterward. |
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Term
| A pregnant woman has an has an albumin of 2.9, and here H&H are also low. What should the nurse first ask the woman about? |
|
Definition
| Her diet. This might suggest pica, that the woman is eating non-food items. |
|
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Term
| Which cultural groups might the nurse expect to recommend nutritionally sound COLD foods during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
| African-American, Mexican-American, and Native-American women might see pregnancy as a hot condition and eat cold foods. |
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Term
| The nurse probably should not ask pregnant woman of which cultural group, "what are you going to name your baby?" |
|
Definition
| Orthodox Jews, along with many other people, do not name their child before birth. |
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|
Term
| What type of foods might the nurse offer to an Asian woman after childbirth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During which trimester should the nurse expect to see the mother focusing on the physical evidence of pregnancy, display narcissism, and also be focused on the fetus, rather than herself? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During which trimester is it normal for the mother to feel ambivalence about her pregnancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During which trimester should the nurse expect to see the pregnant woman as especially vulnerable? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During which trimester might the pregnant woman be very focused on her own sexuality? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A pregnant woman tells the nurse that she knows her baby is going to have the same blond hair that she does, and that she will be born with a full head of blond hair. What does the nurse believe about how the woman is responding to pregnancy? |
|
Definition
| Believing that she will know what the baby is going to look like is an abnormal acceptance of pregnancy. |
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|
Term
| What is the best way for the expecting father to feel involved with a pregnancy? |
|
Definition
| Attending ultrasounds, pregnancy classes, etc. |
|
|
Term
A woman tells the nurse that the baby's father has been complaining that the mother never has time for him anymore. He has since started spending a lot more time at work.
The nurse knows that these feelings are normal, or an abnormal acceptance of pregnancy? |
|
Definition
| It is normal for the expectant father to feel jealous and struggle for recognition and to start spending more time with work or hobbies. |
|
|
Term
| At what point in a pregnancy with their second child should parents make sure that their first child is no longer sleeping in a crib? |
|
Definition
| The parents should move the first child into a regular bed at 3 months before delivery of their second child, if at all possible. |
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|
Term
| How should a baby be placed to sleep? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of familial response is IDEAL for the adolescent mother? |
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Definition
| If her own mother (the newborne's grandmother) takes a big role in parenting the child, this tends to be the ideal situation for the newborn. |
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|
Term
| What is the most prevalent medical complication in pregnant adolescents? |
|
Definition
| Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). Gradual increases and excessive weight gain are precursors. Usual diastolic BP for ages 14-20 is 50-66. |
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|
Term
A 13 year old girl gives birth to a baby. The father of the baby visits the hospital, begging to see the baby, but the 13-year-old mother refuses, but mother (the newborne's grand mother) who has been present through the labor says that the father should be able to see the baby.
What should the nurse do? |
|
Definition
| The mother (the 13-year-old) has the decision as to whether the father can be present or not. |
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Term
| A woman's last period is January 15th. When is her estimated due date. |
|
Definition
October 22nd.
Naglee's rule is first day of last period - 3months +7 days. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| # of pregnancies > 20 weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| woman who is pregnant for the first time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| woman who has never been pregnant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| woman who has completed one pregnancy or carried to viability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| woman who has no children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| woman who has had 2 or more pregnancies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| woman who has completed 2 or more pregnancies past the point of viability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| # of pregnancies in which the baby reaches viability, regardless of if born alive or not |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gravida
Term births
Preterm births
Abortions
Living Children |
|
|
Term
| How often should the pregnant woman go to the doctor until 28 weeks? 28-36 wks? 36 weeks to delivery? |
|
Definition
| Until 28 weeks: every 4 weeks. 28-36 weeks: every 2 weeks. 36 weeks-delivery:every week. |
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|
Term
| H/A, N/V, Fatigue, nasal stuffiness/epitaxis, urinary frequency, breast tenderness, ptyalism, leukorrhea are common discomforts of which trimester? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This discomfort of the 2nd and 3rd trimester makes the mother prone to DVT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pregnant woman with nasal congestion/epitaxis should avoid: |
|
Definition
| Nasal sprays and decongestants |
|
|
Term
Which vitamin might help N/V experienced in the first trimester?
What else might the nurse recommend for the patient with N/V? |
|
Definition
B6.
Dry crackers near bed. Avoid spicy foods and strong odors. liquids between meals. Negative pressure wrist band. |
|
|
Term
| Two interventions for ptyalism: |
|
Definition
| Hard candy, reduce CHO intake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cotton panties, proper hygiene but no douching |
|
|
Term
| A pregnant woman with heart burn should not take which over the counter medicine? |
|
Definition
| Do NOT take Alka-Seltzer. Maalox and Amphogel are okay. |
|
|
Term
| What should the pregnant woman know about traveling? |
|
Definition
| Get up and walk aroun Q2H and when in car, seat belt should be under the abdomen. |
|
|
Term
Which pregnancy category are vitamins?
Tylenol?
Most antibiotics? Pepcid? Insulin? Motrin?
Cipro? Gentomycin? Aminoglycosides?
Tetracyline (what happens to fetus with this?) Alcohol, lithium, dylantin, thalidomide (what happens to baby with this?)? accutane? coumadine? streptomycin? Radiation? |
|
Definition
A- vitamins
B-Tylenol? Most antibiotics? Pepcid? Insulin? Motrin?
C-Cipro? Gentomycin? Aminoglycosides?
D-Tetracyline (what happens to fetus with this?) Alcohol, lithium, dylantin,
X-thalidomide (what happens to baby with this?)? accutane? coumadine? streptomycin? Radiation? |
|
|
Term
A woman feels a small amount of consistant moisture in her underwear during pregnancy. What should the nurse tell her?
A) This is normal and protects her baby from infection.
b) She may wear 2 panty liners until this stops
c) Notify the MD immediately
d) Increase fluids and exercise |
|
Definition
C- Notify the MD immediately.
It is NOT normal to feel constant moisture and could be leakage of amniotic fluid. |
|
|
Term
| A pregnant woman notices that she is not feeling any fetal movement. At what point should she contact the MD? |
|
Definition
| After 2 days of no fetal movement. |
|
|
Term
| How many pains/hour is indicative of labor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A woman has swelling of the face and hands. What does this indicate and what should she do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of ultrasound is done to determine early embryonic development, fetal heart beat, and for enhanced visualization of intrapelvic structures. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nursing interventions for a transabdominal ultrasound |
|
Definition
Tell the woman NOT to empty bladder if early pregnancy
Position woman supine with pillows under knees and head and wedge under right hip to displace uterus |
|
|
Term
| A pregnant woman has blurred vision and spots before her eyes. The nurse knows this is an indication of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A pregnant woman tells the nurse that she has been vomiting all day long, for several days. What should the nurse do?
A) Notify the MD
B) Tell her to increase her fluids to 3L/day
C) Suggest leaving crackers by the bedside
d) B and C |
|
Definition
A.
Persistent vomiting is more severe than common morning sickness and this woman is at risk for dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. |
|
|
Term
| Screening test that examines the level of alpha-fetoprotein in the mother's blood during pregnancy |
|
Definition
| Maternal Serum Alfa-fetoprotein (MsAFP) |
|
|
Term
| What does the MsAFP test measure, specifically? What other factors are taken into consideration? |
|
Definition
| high and low levels of alpha-fetoprotein. The results are combined with the mother's age and ethnicity to assess probabilities of genetic disorders. |
|
|
Term
| What might high AFP levels indicate? |
|
Definition
| Neural tube defects like spina bifida and anencephaly, fetal hemolytic disease, esophageal atresia, nephrosis, fetal hemorrhage into amniotic fluid |
|
|
Term
| Low levels of MSAFP may indiacte which disorders in the fetus? |
|
Definition
| **Down's Syndrome**, fetal death, overestimation of gestational age |
|
|
Term
| What is a major disadvantage of the MSAFP? |
|
Definition
| high levels of false (+) and false (-). |
|
|
Term
| This is a medical procedure used to diagnose chromosomal abnormalities and fetal infections. A small amount of amniotic fluid, which contains fetal tissue, is extracted and the fetal DNA is examined. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why might amniocentesis be preformed? |
|
Definition
-To determine lung maturity, especially for preemies
-Detection of chromosomal abnormalities
-L/S ratio
-Polyhydramnios |
|
|
Term
| What does presence of phosphotidiglycerol (PG) in amniocentesis suggest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Excessive amniotic fluid. Can be removed by amniocentesis for comfort, but is not curative |
|
|
Term
| At which week of gestation may amniocentesis be performed? What is the ideal wk gestation? |
|
Definition
| Able to be done at 14 weeks, but 15-16 id optimal. |
|
|
Term
| What are the maternal risks in amniocentesis? |
|
Definition
| Hemorrhage, Rh iso-immunization if incompatibility, infection, preterm labor, rupture of placenta, damage to intestines or bladder, amniotic fluid emboli |
|
|
Term
| What are the risks to the fetus with amniocentesis? |
|
Definition
| Death, hemorrhage, infection, injury from needle, premature labor, leakage of amniotic fluid. |
|
|
Term
| What is the L/S ratio? How does this ratio change throughout pregnancy? |
|
Definition
Lecithin/Sphingomyelin ration. Lecithin is the most critical alveolar surfactant required for post natal lung expansion.
Lecithin increases in amount after 24th week. The ratio should be equal at 30 weeks. Sphingomyelin remains constant through pregnancy. Ration 2:1 at 35 weeks. |
|
|
Term
| How long does it take for results for amniocentesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Chronic Villi Samplin (CVS)? |
|
Definition
| Alternative to amniocentesis for detection of chromosomal abnormalities. Done at 10-12 weeks gestation. A small amount of tissue removed from fetal side of placenta. |
|
|
Term
| What is a major advantage of CVS as opposed to amniocentesis? |
|
Definition
| Done at earlier gestation and faster results (48 hours). Allows for earlier abortion, causing less psychological stress. |
|
|
Term
| An Rh- mother will be give what drug prior to CVS or amniocentesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what stage gestation can Percutaneous Umbilical Cord Blood Sampling (PUBS) be done? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rh disease, Genetics, fetal transfusion and blood samplin. |
|
|
Term
| What is the goal of fetal surveillance? |
|
Definition
| Prevent death or evaluate fetal health |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 methods of fetal surveillance we learned about in class? |
|
Definition
Daily fetal movement
Non stress test
Vibroacoustic stimulation test
Contraction test
Biophysical profile |
|
|
Term
| What is the procedure for the daily fetal movement/kick count? |
|
Definition
| After the mother eats or drinks, left side lying position, count how long it takes baby to move 10 times. |
|
|
Term
| What is roughly a normal baseline for fetal movement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a normal reason that fetal movement is slow or stopped |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Determines fetal well being, adequate O2 and CNS |
|
|
Term
| Which patient will have regular non stress tests? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What position is the mother in for the non stress test? |
|
Definition
| Reclining chair or semi-fowler's |
|
|
Term
| What does the mother do when she feels a movement during the NST? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A mother is taking a NST and there is no movement. What should the nurse do? |
|
Definition
Give juice or light meal
Change maternal position
Vibro-acoustic stimulation (use of a vibrating simulating device on the mother's belly) |
|
|
Term
| The nurse present during the NST knows that the fetus' HR should |
|
Definition
| increase in response to fetal activity |
|
|
Term
At what age is the fetus reactive to the NST?
What is "reactive?" (how many bpm, for how long) |
|
Definition
32 weeks gestation.
Reactivity is when the HR has two accelerations of 15bpm over the baseline for 15 seconds within 20 minutes. |
|
|
Term
| why might a fetus have diminished accelerations |
|
Definition
| Hypoxia, acidosis, analgesics, barbituates, beta-blockers, congenital anomalies, or it could be asleep! |
|
|
Term
| For how long should the fetus be monitored prior to the vibroacoustic stimulation test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A positive sign during contraction stress test is when there are no _______ |
|
Definition
| Decelerations. No decelerations = negative test and is good! |
|
|
Term
| What is a benefit of contraction stress test over then NST |
|
Definition
| earlier warning of fetal compromise and fewer false (+) |
|
|
Term
| A patient has a positive contraction stress test. The nurse expect which procedure to be performed next? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what week can a CST be performed? |
|
Definition
|
|
