Term
GENDER four main points
1) The cultural constuctions of gender
2) Mutiple genders
3) Sexual division of labour
4) gender stratification |
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Definition
-Universal Basis for organizing group activities
- Matters in varying agress in different cultures
- key feature of social identity
- self-identity is affected by cultural beliefs
- expectant behaviour male and females |
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Term
GENDER MAIN THEORIES
1) Butler preformativity
and contigent on pratical accomplishments
Difference between Sex and Gender
- have a comparative perspective
Cultural construction of gender: empahsize different cultures have distincitive ideas about |
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Definition
- Biological differences matter inso much as they have implications on behaviours in all cultures
- No cultures are in a state of nature |
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Term
Examples of Cultures that have differing
gender classifications
HUA of Papa New Guinea |
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Definition
- Dependant on Amount of Nu (which is in their food) Nu dries. Men or to become more like a man have dried Nu.
-Classifcation then becomes figapa, and Kakora.
-Figapa (translates into uniniated person)
- Sex Roles |
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Term
Gender Crossing
and Multiple gender identities
Common in Native communities
( Ex. Roscoes take on the Navajo indians)
girl became known as a Woman chief by a Crow family. NADleehi (men-women). |
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Definition
-Biological sex is not aligned with chosen attributes/roles characteristics.
- It is often institutionalized
- Multiple gender identities- refers to a third gender. |
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Term
Berdache (known as offensive today)
and 4 common occurances within Native
Tribes |
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Definition
Consituted in B&P as Man-woman, woman-man, Third and fourth gender identity.
they are
1) Cross gender-occupations
2) Transvestisim
3) Associations with spritual powers or spiritual sanction
4) Same-sex relations |
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Term
Other gender bending examples
1) Zuni Ilhamana
3) Winkte (a form of a berdache) |
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Definition
Zuni ilhamana- man-woman can do twice as much work in the house, also girls who took on male roles then went some male rituals but were considered unfinished males
Winkte- displayed exemplary work doing weaving ect. |
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Term
Gender Bending and Associations with Spiritual Powers
General association
ex Berdache and Winkte
Issues came when Angols colonized,
once esteemed status of Berdache, fell. |
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Definition
Cheyenne of the great plain, assoicated Berdaches with great powers. they served as masters of Ceremonies for teh Scalp Dance, and love medicines
-Winkte could perdict future events |
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Term
Performativity continued
FCPR |
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Definition
1) Fragile
2) Citation
3) Punishment
4) Reinforcement through institutions |
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Term
SEXUAL DIVISION OF LABOUR
PRODucitve And other economic tasks |
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Definition
| The patterned ways in which productive and economic tasks are allocated to men and women. |
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Term
| 3 reasons why there has been a dictohomy of labour tasks |
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Definition
| 1) Relative Strength 2) Fertilility Matience 3) Compatibility with Child Care |
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Term
Gender Stratification
status of women |
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Definition
| the degree to whichh people allocate social rewards to men and women based on their gender. |
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Term
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Definition
- Subsistence
- ALignment with NGO's
- Native persons saving themselves
- Also corruption |
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Term
Hijras- In Hindu context
are speical beings because they encompass/ are endowed with two important things
Hinduisim provides a postiive context for alternative sex and gender roles.
Nandas Article |
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Definition
1) Godess Shaki, and Ascetic (devine life, not after material goods
Siva, and ARjun. Vishna was transgendered as well |
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Term
Hidras most salient aspects:
1) ability to stradel two worlds
and have inteliigibility and function prefaced on two factors |
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Definition
1) lives with their own comunities
-position within the society and former Caste connection
Godess Mother, divine being connection |
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Term
Hijras
Continuted
who they are ect, relation to Hinduism |
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Definition
1) In Hinduism, female principle is more immanent and active
2) The Hijras get transfomed into erotic, female men by embodyiing both the benefit and destructive potential of the goddess.
Siva- halfman/woman |
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Term
Transvestisim is seen as a form of devotion.
Hermamphoritisim is seen as an ideal
accords sexual ambiguity with power
Third sex divided into catergories such as eunuch and not woman hermaphordite |
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Definition
| accords sexual ambiguity with power |
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Term
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Definition
1) Based on mdel of hermaphodite
2) Sometimes equated tp zeanna (homosex)
3) Self Identify as Incomplete man
4) Hijaras are known as Man minus man.
5) Collapses categories such not man (loss of verility) not women (cant reprouce) |
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Term
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Definition
-religious obligation, men undergo emasculation
\ dharma related to ascetic path, the reasoning is loss of virility |
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Term
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Definition
- over exaggerated acting,
but primarily loss of reproductive capactity |
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Term
Process of becoming a Hijra
TAPASYA ( The ideal where asceticism renouncing of sex comes from) |
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Definition
- Mother Godess and Siva, accordance, makes hIjras possible to bring male children
- Emasculation is operation of Nirvan (higher consciouness, male dies female godess reborn
Various stages
1) First prep stage asks godess conveyed through omens
2) resolution of ambivilence
3) Castration (buried under a living tree)
4) Liminal stage subkect to a woman after childbirth dressed as a bride,
then
5) goes through transformation stage where other hijras perform a ceremony. |
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Term
The particular concept of Hindu's person allows hijras to have the status they do.
svadharma |
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Definition
the personal path to self-relization.
indian context, past caste system guru-chela relationship
- |
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Term
| Sex is a dense transfer point of Power |
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Definition
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Term
Sexual Orientation
Refers to “a person’s habitual sexual attraction to, and sexual activities with, persons of the opposite sex, same sex, or both sexes” |
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Definition
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Term
3 Strains of sexuality
Weak, Moderate, Radical |
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Definition
| Weak: Biologicallhy determined sex drives are somewhat shaped by culture |
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Term
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Definition
sex acts are culturally relative,
and reflect particular positions of power |
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Term
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Definition
Badhai (ritual performer) and kandra (sex worker)
urban migration |
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Term
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Definition
| penetrating masculine men |
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Term
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Definition
effiminate, receiving men or ascetic men
hijras |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
really to confirm tranfer of property. ect masks what is really going on
TRAFFICKING OF WOMEN |
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Term
Couples can live
1) Neolocally 2) Unilineal (evolution from primitave to civilized |
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Definition
1)neolocally- meaning live seperate
2) unilineal following a line
implies consent and aspirations of egaltarianism |
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Term
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Definition
Marrying within ones own cultural group
-caste system,
incest- and idea of latent function MANA
of royal married outside his class children would still have as much mana |
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Term
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Definition
| seeking spouse outside your cultural group |
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Term
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Definition
a social contract.
orginally started out to move crass into stable economic units |
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Term
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Definition
Made distinction between blood families and chosen families.
-social relations of care |
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Term
Ethnic Group
shared Ancestry, cultural traditions, common History |
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Definition
| A group whos distinctions are based on perceptions of a shared ancestory history, cultural traditions, that enable differenciation from other groups |
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Term
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Definition
ethnicity arises when one claims that ethnicity for themselves and others verify it..
Interplay of inclusion/exclusion |
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Term
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Definition
is an ethnicity
- is fiction that allows functioning
-not univerasl, is culturally speific |
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Term
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Definition
is the one drop rule
-suzy phipps |
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Term
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Definition
| Japanese homogenity, Jap prez |
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Term
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Definition
| - mixed outcast part of japansese society really 10% difference |
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Term
Brazil three periods
state offical cosmic race, erotic democracy
classical- beach experiment,. fixed vs nM
Contemporary-fluid but still issue $ whitens ana flavia |
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Definition
| sexual democracy really not. blinds real poltiics |
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Term
Brazil three periods
state offical cosmic race, erotic democracy
classical- beach experiment,. fixed vs nM
Contemporary-fluid but still issue $ whitens ana flavia |
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Definition
| sexual democracy really not. blinds real poltiics |
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Term
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Definition
| arose out of polygenisim (we are from different decendants) blacks are slower than whites |
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Term
MORTON
grandfather of polygenisim empiricism
4 things |
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Definition
mid 1820-1850s' measured skull sizes proved whites were advanced however had major flaws
1) Favorable inconsistenticies and shifting criteria (fisc)
2) Subjectivty directed towards prior prejudice (sp)
3) Procedural omissions that seem obvious to us (pob)
4) Miscalculations and convenient omissions (moc) |
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Term
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Definition
| wITHIN definition is idea of binary opposition |
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Term
Societies exsist without conflict in
3 ways |
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Definition
1) ASsimilation ( takes on norm of dominant)
2) Plurality (economincally interdependant, land mass)
3) Multi-culturalism |
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Term
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Definition
| - Ddestruction of someones ethnic backgroud to bring them aligned with the dominant cultures viewpoint |
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Term
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Definition
| Delibrate and systmatic. physcial cleansing |
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Term
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Definition
| Ethnicity and Nationalism are of the same phenomena that exsists along the same continum. |
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Term
GEERTZ
two types of NATIONALISM IN the post colonial world |
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Definition
Ethnic- based on primordial loyalties
Civic-desire for citizenship in a modern state |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
name of god movie about temples rights
hindums and muslims
mulsims given mosque, hindus place idols in them |
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Term
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Definition
belief in supernatural powers and attempt to control theses powers by perfoming rituals
1) Belief
2) Teachings
3) Ritual |
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Term
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Definition
believed christanity was based on evolutionary model. It had 3
1)anhimism 2) polytheism 3) monotheism |
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Term
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Definition
| magic is what we create when we come to grips with uncertanity |
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Term
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Definition
| ritual is functional. Effevessence- emotional sprituality has bubbling effect. |
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Term
Rights of Passage
(2 main guys) |
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Definition
van Geep: STI
seperations transition (liminality) Incorporation
Turner: communitas and transcendance of social structure. |
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Term
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Definition
eCCLESIASTICAL
Shamanistic
Communal
Individualistic |
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Term
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Definition
INCEST taboo
strauss- alows traffick of women basis of kinship
- rebin-divides into two perpetuating hetrosexuality |
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Term
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Definition
denail of co-evalness
- binary opposition |
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Term
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Definition
| Understanding of culture change and globalization as a process of |
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Term
| “heterogenization” perspective |
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Definition
| This view, which emphasizes the transformation and continuous reinvention of local cultures under the influence of globalization |
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Term
| “heterogenization” perspective |
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Definition
| This view, which emphasizes the transformation and continuous reinvention of local cultures under the influence of globalization |
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Term
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Definition
| Understanding of culture change and globalization as a process of |
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Term
| “heterogenization” perspective |
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Definition
| This view, which emphasizes the transformation and continuous reinvention of local cultures under the influence of globalization |
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Term
BENEDICT ANDERSON
Imagined nationalities |
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Definition
-no face to face connection
-deep horizontal connectio |
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Term
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Definition
| - those characteristics of the population that serve to identify. |
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Term
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Definition
| has a political identity attached with its ethnic |
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Term
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Definition
| has only a social identity |
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Term
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Definition
| has only a social identity |
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Term
Rites of Passage and Puberty rights
initation rites |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
WALLACE 4 types of religion
eci s |
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Definition
COMMUNAL CULTS ARE ORGANIZED UNDER
ANCESTRAL CULTS AND TOTEMISM |
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Term
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Definition
| groups have special and mystical relationship with natural objects |
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Term
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Definition
-state sponsored cults,
provided body traditions supported dominant leadership party |
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Term
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Definition
| intellectual, psycological, social |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| is the performance of rites and spells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| - cant have sex with own caste, they had a ceremony |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -feamle marries kinshp of husband |
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Term
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Definition
| - woman dies, kin has to supply a new woman |
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Term
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Definition
| - groups common ancester affilation |
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Term
MORTON FRIED
E,S,R
ER S
inequality |
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Definition
egaltarian
ranked
stratified |
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Term
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Definition
| -common language are culture |
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Term
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Definition
earlies form of assocation,
composite and simple |
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Term
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Definition
| - beigger than bads have organized institutions, greater cohesiveness |
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Definition
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