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supernatural Concept of air used by the Zapotec that can cause sickness.
AIRE--> given by dwarfs or cave air
AIRE DE BASURA--> affects children’s eyes... or hanging with prostitutes
AIRE DE NOCHE (night air)--> imbalance of hot and cold |
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| a form of paper that was manufactured in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. It is made by boiling the inner bark of several species of trees, particularly fig trees (genus Ficus) such as F. cotinifolia and F. padifolia.[1] The resulting fibrous material is pounded with a stone to produce a stretchy and somewhat delicate paper, colored light brown with corrugated lines. [Mayan & Aztec] |
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| Whim, Craving (literal translation) A cause of illness for the [Zapotec]. The other 11 include: intrusions, fright (espanto or susto), improper religious conduct, soul loss, anger (muina), envy (envidia), shame (verguenza), the evil eye (mal de ojo), air or wind (aire), and witchcraft (brujeria encanto). Divination of causes are done by a toloache. |
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| serves as a market center, a religious center and a center of judicial proceedings for the dependent pueblos in the municipio (Aztec). See this Encyclopedia Britannica excerpt. Literally: “head”. |
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Aztec: are legendary creatures in Mexican folklore. They are conceived of as small, sprite-like beings, elemental forces and guardians of nature. By tradition, these beings would attack intruders, frightening them so that their soul would abandon their body, which the chaneques enclosed in the depth of the land. If the victim did not recover their soul through a specific ritual, he or she would become ill and die soon after.
In some contemporary legends, chaneques are described as children with the face of old men or women, that make people stray during three or seven days, after which the victims cannot recall anything that happened... although it is thought that they are taken by the chaneques to their home in the Underworld, of which the entrance is a dry kapok tree. Similar mythical beings are common in Mesoamerican and other Latin American folkloric traditions generally, referred to in Spanish as duende. In the folkloric tradition of the Yucatán Peninsula, these elementals are known as aluxob in Yucatec Maya. (WIKI) |
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| Mesoamerican Indians of southwestern Oaxaca state in southern Mexico. The Chatino language is closely related to the neighbouring [Zapotec] language, and there are many cultural similarities between the two groups. The Chatino live in a mountainous region. They are agricultural, raising a staple crop of corn (maize), as well as beans, squash, tomatoes, and chilies. Eggs and chickens are the major source of protein in the diet. Families usually prefer to live in villages, and outlying farm families may settle together in small hamlets rather than live alone on their land. The production of cash crops such as coffee has resulted in abandonment of many native crafts. Pottery and major weaving are rare, although weaving of belts and basketmaking are still done to some extent. Houses are made of poles and thatch or adobe and tile. Clothing combines traditional styles with machine-made cloth: white cotton for men, long skirts and blouses for women. Early 21st-century estimates of Chatino population range from approximately 22,000 to 49,000. Encyclopedia Britannica |
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Middle American Indians of northwestern Oaxaca in southern Mexico. The area is mountainous and not easily accessible. The Chinantec, who numbered about 150,000 in the late 20th century, are agricultural, as are most Middle American Indians. Corn (maize) and beans, supplemented by cassava and yams, are the staple crops. Cultivation is by hand, with digging stick and hoe. Chicken, pork, and fish provide protein in the Chinantec diet. Wild fruit is gathered, although cultivated fruit is rare. Large, windowless, rectangular houses are built of vertically placed logs and thatch roofs. Native crafts are declining, but baskets and carrying bags are made; cloth for the huipil (long blouse or tunic for women) is woven where it is still worn. In some localities women wear the huipil woven in bright patterns, with or without an underskirt; the traditional costume for men is no longer worn.
The compadrazgo, or godparent rite, is practiced, bonding a child’s parents to the chosen godparent by various rituals and obligations. The Chinantec practice Roman Catholicism with syncretistic additions; rain and crop-fertility rituals have disappeared. Encyclopedia Britannica
The [Mazatec] make a maize-based beverage called popo, similar to the beverage the Chinantec make. |
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| [Zapotec] - term is from Keamey’s Basic Propositions of Ixtepeji Worldview, his section on THOU SHALT COVET. Muina is anger and related. Sad, Gloomy |
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| 'Crocodile' or 'Caiman', was the first day of the Aztec divinatory count of 13 X 20 days (the tonalpohualli) and Cipactonal' Sign of Cipactli' was considered to have been the first diviner. In Aztec cosmology, the crocodile symbolized the earth floating in the primeval waters. According to one Aztec tradition, Teocipactli 'Divine Crocodile' was the name of a survivor of the flood who rescued himself in a canoe and again peopled the earth. In Aztec Mythology, he and Quetzalcoatl created the earth from its body. In the Mayan Popol Vuh, the name of the earthquake demon, Sipakna, apparently derives from Cipactli. (Source: Wikipedia; is this accurate? Just added to what was already here. This term is not in his notes.) |
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| Huichol] - the digging stick used in subsistence-agriculture |
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| “mother of the gods” Aztec goddess |
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| next to the biological family, the most important form of Nahuatl (Aztec) social organization is this system of ritual kinship or ritual co-parenthood. The relation refers to that between the parents and godparents. The godparents can be called padrinos. |
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| is a deity of Zapotec civilization of southern Mexico, with attributes characteristic of similar Mesoamerican deities associated with rain, thunder and lightning. (Source: Wikipedia) |
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| Mixe culture hero (like Fane Kansini) |
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red seeds used in divination and for protective necklaces.
Its flowers are used to make whistles, accounting for the Spanish term pito as a name for the tree. rat posion |
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| Deer-Maize-Peyote Complex |
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| Huichol) involves the transformability of three different entities. Peyote was once deer and deer was once maize. They hunt the peyote as if it were a deer (make journey...PG 464-465) |
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diagnosing illness
prognostication of future
tracking a thief
interpreting omens or dreams
The [Mazatec] have divination specialists |
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| ceremonial dancing of the Tarhumara, includes patios, tesquinada and animal sacrifice |
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| fright (another kind of aire)... notes from 4/5 (Aztec) a fright to a person’s soul, the soul is then lost from the body leading to sickness, associated with weakness |
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| work party around which a type of alcohol is formed. |
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After church ceremony they all go to the groom’s house for final phase.
Embracer lectures bride and groom on treating each other right.
neighboring houses are frequently linked by mutual work aid patterns, religious fiestas,
kinship ties, and inter-borrowing of food, childcare, and oxen. |
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municipio) - highest political unit of the society -
Each pueblo has a religious-administrative center composed of a church
and a courthouse-jail (comunidad) which serves as a gathering place |
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| Name three important rivers in Mexico [Rio Grande doesn't count]. |
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| Balsas, Panuco, Grijalva, Usumacinta |
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| Name one important river in Guatemala |
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| Huichol native maize ceremonies include(circle 5) |
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| Green Maize, Squash , Planting maize, Roasting Ears , Parched Corn , Seed Maize |
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| Name one important lake in Guatemala |
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| For whom was 4 the ritual number (circle one) |
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| Name three languages of Middle America with 400,000 or more speakers each |
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| Nahuatl, Yucatec, Zapotec |
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| Which four of the following are non-alcoholic Middle American maize based drinks |
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| popo,, pozol, pinol, atol, |
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| Circle the three of the following fruits that were not growing in Middle America when the Spaniards first arrived |
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| Circle the two of the following indigenous groups of Mexico that are known to be seasonally nomadic |
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| The first and last films we saw this semester were about |
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| Deities are classified according to kinship terms by the |
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| Circle the two Indian groups among whom footracing is an important activity |
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| Circle two Indian groups that depend heavily upon fishing for subsistence |
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| Circle the four of the seven invariant elements to be found in Tarahumara native festivals that appear here |
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| Special patio, four direction, animal sacrifices |
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| Circle the animal that indigenous people in Mexico and Guatemala tend to associate with rain deities |
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| Which Mexican group uses the term Teenek for self-reference |
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| Circle four Indian groups that by tradition don't participate in the Mesoamerican market economy |
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| Name five of the "sacred elements" of the Huave |
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| sea, earth, rain, fire, salt |
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| Mazatec divination includes three categories mentioned by the lecturer |
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| copal burning, mushrooms, bird sacrifice, |
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| Circle three of the following that the lecturer specifically mentioned as having a "social control" function |
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| Some Chiapas natives use the unripe black zapote for |
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| Circle which among the following groups live in Oaxaca |
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| Zapotec, Huichol,Mazatec, |
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| The cross shape was said by the lecturer to symbolically represent, in Mesoamerica |
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| Which Mesoamerican society has no color-directional symbolism |
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| Circle three Indian languages in the (Macro) Aztec |
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| Huichol, Aztec, Tarahumara, |
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| Members of which Middle American Indian group have a tradition specifying that one who kills a dog must eat its body before going to heaven after death |
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| Circle three indigenous groups of Chiapas in Mexico |
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| Tzeltal, Tzotzil, lacadon |
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| A being in Mexican folklore who drowned her children and attempts to wreak vengeance on men is known as |
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| A Tarahumara cooperative work fiesta in which liberal amounts of alcohol are served is known as |
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| An Aztec and Zapotec female monster perhaps ultimately related to the woman who drowned her children is known as |
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| A Tequistlatec culture hero who invented cotton armor and saved the Tequistlatecs from Zapotec conquest was named |
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| A disease common in Mesoamerica that is caused by anger or hostility is called |
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| An individual's animal spirit companion or co-essence is often referred to as his/her |
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| An Aztec being dressed as a Ladino that tries to get one to sell his soul to the Devil is called |
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| The land of pilgrimage to which the Huichol return yearly to find their lives, and to gather peyote, is called |
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| A disease more common in children and thought to be something like sibling rivalry is referred to as |
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| A disease sometimes described as due to fright, and sometimes a form of soul loss is called |
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| One of the Hero Twins of the Popol Vuh is named |
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| A Lacandón creator deity, the most important of the deities, is named |
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| The name for the Aztec Rain deity is |
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| A steam bath, found more commonly in the highlands and of ritual importance is the |
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| A maize based drink with chocolate and yam in it, and used by Chinantecs and Mazatecs, is called: |
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| The lord of the Aztec underworld is known as |
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| Homshuk is the Sierra Popoluca counterpart of Tequistlatec Fane Kansini and Mixe Kondoy. |
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| cultural heros plus hatch from a egg |
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