Term
|
Definition
| collection of blood outside the vascular system (usually clotted) |
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Term
|
Definition
| the position of an animal that is laying on its back (like when operating) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| left and right sides are the same |
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Term
|
Definition
| further from the point of reference |
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Term
|
Definition
| closer to the point of reference |
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Term
|
Definition
| core, middle part, centered |
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Term
|
Definition
| outer part, away from the center |
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Term
|
Definition
| toward the side, or referring to the side |
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Term
|
Definition
| toward the middle, or referring to the middle |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| toward the nose region on the head |
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Term
|
Definition
| away from the nose region on the head (toward the rest of the body) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| above a point of reference |
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Term
|
Definition
| below a point of reference |
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Term
|
Definition
| not so deep, closer to the surface |
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Term
|
Definition
| by the core or middle of the body, farther from the surface |
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Term
|
Definition
| skin, fur, body covering, etc. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| chest and lungs cavity (under negative pressure) |
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Term
|
Definition
| excess collection of fluid in tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| without platelets (or too few) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| rat poison sometimes given to people to thin the blood |
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Term
|
Definition
| inner region of any tubular structure |
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Term
|
Definition
| break down from big pieces to little pieces |
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Term
|
Definition
| finger print impression left in tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
| low level of red blood cells in the blood |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| having low body fluid levels |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| enzyme that breaks down lipids |
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Term
|
Definition
make chemicals to release into blood
(e.g. pancrease & liver) |
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Term
|
Definition
takes fluid to a free surface
(e.g. salivary & sweat glands) |
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Term
|
Definition
| where fiber is digested in a horse |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| nerves coming from the brain or brain stem, not the spinal cord |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| examination of a dead animal to determine the cause of death |
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Term
|
Definition
| separates thorax and abdominal cavity (made of muscle) |
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Term
|
Definition
| how something occurs in the natural body |
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Term
|
Definition
| the break down of things into small pieces so the nutrients can be absorbed by the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| first section of the small intestine |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| animal that can take ruffage and get nutrients from it (has a cecum in the large intestine used to break down fiber) |
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Term
|
Definition
| made and released by a cell, diffuses into blood supply and is carried away |
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Term
|
Definition
| identical molecules that go from an area of high concentration to low concentration |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| hepatic protein that is criticle in keeping water in blood |
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Term
|
Definition
| not enough albumin in the blood |
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Term
|
Definition
| a collection of free water in the abdominal cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
| when the liver releases fluid into the abdominal cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
| some gland makes a product that moves out of a duct to a free surface |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the valve that controls efferent food movement out of the gastric lumen |
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Term
|
Definition
| study of the endocrine system |
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Term
|
Definition
| chemical relased by the brain to reduce pain |
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Term
|
Definition
| relating to the intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the functioning unit of the lungs (tiny sacs for holding air) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enzyme that digests cellulose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any protein that acts as a catylist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enzyme in saliva and pancreatic juice (converts startch to sugar) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relating to old people/animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| energy source obtained by bacteria in cecum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nitrogen fixation (takes nitrogen and makes proteins) |
|
|
Term
| Insulin: Name the tissue of origin, the target tissue, and the response of target tissue. |
|
Definition
| -pancreas -all body cells -uptake of glucose (decrease of blood glucose) |
|
|
Term
| Vitamin D: Name the tissue of origin, the target tissue, and the response of target tissue. |
|
Definition
| -skin, liver, kidneys -gut (intestine, usually small) -increase CBP (calcium binding protein) production |
|
|
Term
| Gastrin: Name the tissue of origin, the target tissue, and the response of target tissue. |
|
Definition
| -stomach -stomach -increase HCl (hydrochloric acid) production (lowers pH) |
|
|
Term
| CCK (cholecystokinin): Name the tissue of origin, the target tissue, and the response of target tissue. |
|
Definition
| -intestine (enteric hormone) -gallbladder -stimulates release of bile |
|
|
Term
| IGF (insulin-like growth factors): Name the tissue of origin, the target tissue, and the response of target tissue. |
|
Definition
| -liver -all body cells -growth |
|
|
Term
| Estrogen: Name the tissue of origin, the target tissue, and the response of target tissue. |
|
Definition
| -ovarian follicles -breast tissue -increased growth -and brain -estrous behavior (heat) |
|
|
Term
| Testosterone: Name the tissue of origin, the target tissue, and the response of target tissue. |
|
Definition
| -testis -muscles -increased growth |
|
|
Term
| Leptin: Name the tissue of origin, the target tissue, and the response of target tissue. |
|
Definition
| -adipocytes (fat cells) -brain -decrease appetite |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 3 types of anatomical planes |
|
Definition
| Transverse, dorsal, and oblique |
|
|
Term
| ___% of the body weight is blood weight |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ pint(s) = ___ pound(s) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you lose ___% of your blood weight you will be fine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ gallon(s) of blood = ___ pound(s) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
___ gallon = ___ quarts ___ quart = ___ pints ___ pint = ___ cups |
|
Definition
1 gallon = 4 quarts 1 quart = 2 pints 1 pint = 4 cups 1 gallon = 4 quarts = 8 pints = 16 cups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arteries/vein that bring blood directly to/from the heart that is used to fuel the heart |
|
|
Term
| The only oxygen poor artery is the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___cc blood = ___mL blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is better to take blood from, veins or arteries? |
|
Definition
| veins (because they have lower pressure) |
|
|
Term
| What is different about avian and reptile blood? |
|
Definition
the red blood cells have a nucleus |
|
|
Term
| Plasma makes up ___% of blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Erythrocytes make up ___% of blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Leukocytes and platelets make up a buffy coat that is ___% of blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| White blood cells (name 3) |
|
Definition
| Leukocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils |
|
|
Term
| RBC have a life span of how long? and why? |
|
Definition
| about 120 days because they have no nucleus |
|
|
Term
| WBC have a life span of how long? and why? |
|
Definition
| WBC can live for a long time because they have a nucleus |
|
|
Term
| What does dehydration cause within the blood? |
|
Definition
| a high hematocrit (PCV), so there is more blood cells than plasma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| water, fats, cholesterol, minerals, vitamins, and protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Distinguish between essential and nonessential minerals. |
|
Definition
| essential come from food, nonessential the body can make |
|
|
Term
| dry dog food is about ___% water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| grass is about ___% water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what percent of air is oxygen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what percent of air is nitrogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what percent of air is not oxygen or nitrogen? (for example, radon) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Factors that change nutrient requirements: (5 are listed) |
|
Definition
| growth, activness, pregnancy, age, sex |
|
|
Term
| 1g of fat has ___ times as much energy as 1g of protein or carbohydrates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the external ear canal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| changes that occur with the femal reproductive system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| femal gonad (located in the caudal region of the abdominal cavity (or pelvic cavity)) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| region of the ovary where all the blood vessels enter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the ovaries have no more follicles so the female can not longer reproduce (no domestic animals have this) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| follicles a female is born with (approx. 50,000 per ovary) and no new ones are ever made |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a follicle dies some where along the path of developing (99% do this) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rupturing of a follicle (release of an egg) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| white scar tissue that forms from the dead corpus luteum |
|
|
Term
| Polycycstic Ovarian Syndrome |
|
Definition
| when follicles don't rupture correctly and they collect fluid and swell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| burning of tissue or follicles as treatment or medical use |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| device used to look at things in the inside of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carries egg from ovary (swallows egg) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| follicle ready to ovulate (also called graafian follicles) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid inside a follicle (contains estrogen) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protein hormone made in the ovary, prepares and maintains the uterus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity of females; contains the developing fetus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| period during which an embryo develops (pregnacy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| production and secretion of milk by the mammary glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disease or defect present at birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name the types of follicles in the ovary |
|
Definition
| primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a transparent membrane that lines the abdominal cavity in mammals and covers most of the viscera (internal organs collectively) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fat covered peritonial lining that completely encloses the ovary in dogs |
|
|
Term
| Lutenizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimluating Hormone (FSH): Name the tissue of origin, the target tissue, and the response of target tissue. |
|
Definition
| -anterior pituitary gland -follicle -increases follicular growth and stimulates ovulation |
|
|
Term
| Horse gestation period length |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dog/Cat gestation period length |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Progesterone: Name the tissue of origin, the target tissue, and the response of target tissue. |
|
Definition
| -ovary -uterus: stops contraction(prepares for pregnancy -brain: calms (not in heat) -breasts: preparation for milk production |
|
|
Term
| Oxytocin: Name the tissue of origin, the target tissue, and the response of target tissue. |
|
Definition
| -posterior pituitary gland -uterus: increase contractions -mammary gland: milk ejection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| without advance preparation (as it comes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of giving birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| difficulty in giving birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the uterine tube |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| collection of serous fluid in the uterine tube |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a mare is in heat and "winks" her vulva at the male |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 10 days after giving birth a mare may come into heat again |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any animal that will ovulate without external influence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any animal that will not ovulate unless they are mated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brings urine from each kidney to the bladder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| passage way for the urine starting at the bladder and ending at the external surface of the animal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surrounds the urethra in males |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exocrine gland that makes fluid for semen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stores sperm and helps them mature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sperm and fluid from accessory sex glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone in the penis that is not connected to any other bone (in dogs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tube that brings sperm from testis to urethra |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stoppage of blood flowing out of something |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the time when the first gamete is released into the duct system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a testis does not extend into the scrotum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contain genetic information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| count of single chromosomes (half of each pair) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two chromosomes (full pair) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the specific site of a particular gene on its chromosome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specific DNA sequence on a locus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell division into nuclei with half of the genetic material (this forms a gamete) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell division into nuclei with the same number of chromosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neither allele is dominant (visible traits are a combination) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one locus affects two or more phenotypes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| having at least 2 X chromosomes and 1 Y chromosome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what something looks like because of its specific genes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heterozygote is over expressed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| # of human chromosomes (diploid number) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what 2 color pattern traits are sex linked to females in cats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is different(from humans) about chromosome combinations in birds, butterflies, and reptiles? |
|
Definition
| in the human, the female is XX and the male is XY. In birds, butterfiles, and reptiles, the male is WW and the female is W_ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-sex determining chromosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the interaction of alleles between loci |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tips of the paws, ears, nose, tail, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the appearance of the chromosomal makeup of a somatic cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a specialized condensed region of each chromosome where the chromatids are held together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| centromere is somewhere near the middle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| centromere is somewhere near the top |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acrocentric chromosomes link to make metacentric ones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how close/far the loci are on the chromosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| absence of any pigment in the body |
|
|
Term
| what trisomy does a super male have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| genetic red in labrador retrievers has what phenotypic coat color? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the difference in nose color between genotypic red and yellow labs? |
|
Definition
| true yellow labs have brown noses, genotypic red have black noses |
|
|
Term
| environmental effects cause what in siamese cats? |
|
Definition
cold = more brown
warm = less brown |
|
|
Term
| a mule has how many chromosomes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is characteristic of a tobiano horse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is characteristic of an ovaro horse? |
|
Definition
| it has color over its back with white extending down the flanks |
|
|
Term
| Hardy-Weinburg Assumptions (5 total) |
|
Definition
| -large population -no mutation -no migration -mating is random -all genotypes are equally fit for mating |
|
|
Term
| what changes gene frequency? (4 total) |
|
Definition
| -random chance -selection -migration -mutation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chambers put under high pressure and temperature for sterilization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name 4 types of pathogens |
|
Definition
| -bacteria -fungi -viruses -prions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 0.9% sodium chloride (isotonic) |
|
|
Term
| cats usually get _____thyroidism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| looking at MHC (major histocompatability complex) to find the best match |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -B cells -T cells -NK cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -neutrophils -eosinophils -basophils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| all blood cells are made where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thoracic cavity between the lungs |
|
|
Term
| two most common degenerate diseases in dogs are |
|
Definition
| -hip displaysia -junvenile cataracts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| immune system starts attacking self |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| man-mad damage (to microscope slides) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thinner in the middle because both sides slope inward |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first white blood cell to act when there is an injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tissue from where lymph drains to a lymph node |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the telescoping of the intestine into itself |
|
|
Term
| ratio: ____ RBCs to ____ WBC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any substance that stimulates the production of antibodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the formation of blood cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| extravasation (or diapedesis) |
|
Definition
| going from a vessel to the surrounding tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| whole viruses or treated (weakened) bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| manufactured by extracting components of disease agent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| release lymphotoxins which cause cells to lyse (rupture) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| direct the immune response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recognize and respond to pathogens from memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recognize and respond to pathogens from memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most prevalent white blood cell (phagocytic cell) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| B and T cells have divisions that are memory cells which remember previously encountered antigens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enzyme found in saliva, tears, and sweat, that fight bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacteria that live in and on the body that are not harmful to us |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phagocytic cells travel through tissue toward what chemicals it detects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protein found in blood (made in liver) that helps the immune system |
|
|
Term
| B-lymphocytes that are called plasma cells make what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| B-lymphocytes that make antibodies are called what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| immunity through vaccination |
|
|
Term
| what shaped molecules are antibodies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| body's thermostat (located below the thalmus) |
|
|
Term
| 5 heat-transfer mechanisms |
|
Definition
| -conduction -covection -radiation -evaporation -condenstation |
|
|
Term
| Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) |
|
Definition
| lowest metabolic rate at homeostasis |
|
|
Term
| average core body temp. of a dog |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flow of heat through solid objects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heat transfer to/from flowing medium |
|
|
Term
| which color absorbs radiation the best? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the phase change of water from liquid to vapor |
|
|
Term
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Definition
| rapid in/out of air over main airways causing a loss of heat due to evaporation |
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Term
| what % of a dog's body weight is water? |
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Definition
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Term
| good conductor = ____ insulator |
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Definition
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Term
| high humidity = _____ evaporation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| body losing too much heat in relation to how much it's gaining |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| causes elevated body temp (and is within the body) |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical released by WBC to hypothalmus to increase body temp. (IL-1) |
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Term
| factors that play on: Conduction |
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Definition
| -temp differential -surface area -material |
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Term
| factors that play on: convection |
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Definition
| -temp differential -surface area -(wind) speed |
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Term
| factors that play on: radiation (solar) |
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Definition
| -color -"see" surface -temp. differential -distance |
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Term
| factors that play on: evaporation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| blood vessels decrease their diameter |
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Term
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Definition
| blood vessels increase their diameter |
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Term
| co dominance = ___________ |
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Definition
| no dominance or additive gene action |
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Term
| what is needed for thyroid funtion? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| layer behind the retina (reflects light back into the retina to aid in seeing in minimal light conditions) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hypertrophy of the thyroid gland usually due to an inefficiency of iodine |
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