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AnSc 301 - Quiz 2
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27
Science
Undergraduate 3
09/15/2009

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Term
What range percent is in the Fat-free mass of animal's body in vivo?
Definition
70-75%
Term
Why does the % fat-free mass of animals body get higher after birth?
Definition
Because the animal develops adipose tissue, which has triglycerides that are hydrophobic
Term
Animals have decreased hydration with age, what is this directly related to?
Definition
Raise in fat with age
Term
How do protein,ash, fat, and water compare in a Newborn Calf, Fat steer, and Thin steer?
Definition
They all have roughly the same amount of protein and ash. Water and fat vary, because they are intertwined (when fat is high, water is low).
Term
What is the greatest killer of neonates worldwide?
Definition
Diarrhea
Term
When an animal has diarrhea, what specifically compromises health and performance?
Definition
loss of water and electrolytes
Term
What can diarrhea possibly be caused by?
Definition
bacteria, viruses, some chemicals, and stress
Term
What is the function of water, and what are three ways it helps promote homeothermy?
Definition
its function is a solvent.

it helps promote homeothermy due to:
-high specific heat (amount of heat per unit mass to increases temp 1 degree C)
-High thermal conductivity
-High heat of vaporization
Term
what percent of body weight is blood volume?
Definition
9%
Term
What percent of body water lost is deadly?

What about in piglets?
Definition
12%

10% (piglets)
Term
What is metabolic water and where/how is it produced?
Definition
The water produced in cells.
-produced by oxidation of hydrocarbons containing molecules in order to generate energy
Term
What is the half-life of water turnover, and is it considered fast?
Definition
3.5 days; yes
Term
Where is water especially absorbed in the GIT?
Definition
Jejunum
Term
What is the mechanism that helps GIT absorb water?
Definition
solvent drag
Term
What are two factors that effect how much water is absorbed?
Definition
Species and environment they reside, and also how much food they have in their gut
Term
What is the species of cow that comes from tropical areas? from temperate areas?
Definition
bos indicus (tropic)--drinks more

bos taurus (temperate)
Term
What are the four sources of water sources for animals, and which of the four are the two primary sources?
Definition
Drinking water, water in food, metabolic water, water generated as product of other metabolic reactions. First 2 are primary.
Term
why may the recommended drinking water intakes of adult animals vary?
Definition
productive functions may vary
Term
As food intake increases, water intake decreases. What areas in the body are involved in this? What hormones are involved?
Definition
Pathway: brain: hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal glands

Hormones: Anti-diaredic hormone and adosterone.
Term
a. What is the range for general guidelines for water intake?

b. what ratio of water:kg feed will cattle consume?

c. swine?

d. sheep, horses, and poultry?

e. when would increased ratios be seen (3)
Definition
a. 2-5 kg water/kg feed DM
b. 4 kg water/kg feed DM
c. 2-2.5 kg water/kg feed DM
d. 2-3 kg water/kg feed DM
e. pregnancy, lactation, and heat stress
Term
what are the 5 issues that go along with water quality?
Definition
salinity, solids, minerals, man-made chemicals, free from microbes
Term
what is the salinity in fresh water? salt water?
Definition
<1000 parts per million (fresh)

>35 million ppm (sea water)
Term
what are the 4 types of solids found in water?
Definition
-carbonates
-sulfates
-bicarbonates
-chlorides of Ca, Mg, Na, K
Term
Less than _____ of solids in water is good.

less than_____ of solids in water is safe.

more than ______ solids in water is not fit for animals.
Definition
a. 2500 mg/l

b. 5000 mg/l

c. 10,000 mg/l
Term
a. What is the abbreviation of Nitrate? Nitrite?

b. which is toxic in low amounts?

c. why is it toxic?

d. what are signs of this poising?
Definition
a. NO3, NO2
b. NO2; nitrite
c. it attaches to hemoglobin (turning it into methemoglobin) and blocks O2 attachment, thus depletes oxygen flow through the body.

d. blue lips, heavy breathing, abortions, rapid pulse
Term
What organizations established the upper limits on water quality?
Definition
EPA and NAS
Term
What is the goal of providing water?
Definition
to provide water that is clean, fresh, no odors, no other chemicals, not contaminated by microbes.
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