Term
| What is a companion animal? |
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Definition
•Animals staying in the company of humans or providing company to humans
•Kept for pleasure rather than utility
•Receive personal attention
•Primary benefits are non-commercial |
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Term
| What is the Human-Animal Bond? |
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Definition
| “The human-animal bond is a mutually beneficial and dynamic relationship between people and animals that is influenced by behaviors that are essential to the health and well-being of both. This includes, but is not limited to, emotional, psychological, and physical interactions of people, animals, and the environment.” |
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Term
| What are the Benefits of Human-Animal Bond? |
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Definition
•Reduces stress
•Exercise, play, and laughter
•Decreased loneliness
•Stimulus for social interaction
•Enhanced self-esteem
•Lower blood pressure, reduced risk of heart disease
•Reduces anxiety and depression |
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Term
| How were cats viewed in Egyptian society? How does this compare to how they were viewed in the Middle Ages? |
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Definition
Egypt
–Honored and revered
–Gods with cat like appearance
–Protected by laws
–Religious rituals
Middle ages
–Plague, assoc with witches, many were killed and feared |
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Term
| Approximately when were cats and dogs domesticated? |
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Definition
| Cats 4000 BC, dogs 12000 BC |
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Term
| Where was the cat domesticated? |
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Definition
| Fertile Crescent ca. 4000 ya |
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Term
| Which species are the wild ancestors of today’s domestic dog and cat? |
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Definition
Dog: Grey Wolf
Cat: the wild cat |
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Term
| What were dogs bred for pre-1800’s? How did this change after the 1800’s? |
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Definition
Pre 1800s
–Function
–Hunting, herding, protection… etc.
Early 1800’s
–Function turns to form
–The dog fancy
–Owning and breeding was a status symbol |
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Term
| What are the differences between domestication and taming? |
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Definition
Domestication: The process by which a wild species is adapted to live with humans
Taming: Used to describe an individual animal with a reduced tendency to flee or be defensive around humans/ Reduction in aggressive behavior |
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Term
| What are the two different domestication theories? Which is the one that is most likely to have been the cause of dog and cat domestication? |
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Definition
| Human mediated domestication and self domestication. More likely to have become self domesticated |
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Term
| What is selective breeding? What are some problems associated with selective breeding and purebred dogs? |
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Definition
AKA Artificial Selection
–Selecting individuals to breed based on desired characteristics
Problems: Inherited Diseases
–Many dogs inbred to achieve desired traits
–Reduction in genetic diversity increases potential for “bad genes”
–Tremendous impact on health |
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Term
| What type of education do you need in order to start a career working with companion animals? |
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Definition
Vet - Pre-requisites (Undergraduate) + 4 yrs Vet School
Animal science research - MS + PhD |
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Term
| What has been the trend for the pet industry’s profit over the years? |
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Definition
| Largely food 37%, supplies 27%, vet care 25% |
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Term
| What are some of the most common careers with companion animals? |
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Definition
| Vet, animal science research, animal welfare, animal control, humane educator, training and behavior, wellbeing?, Visual, written, and spoken arts, pet services |
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Term
| What are the connections between the animal liberation and environmental movements? |
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Definition
Peter Singer
–Animal liberation
•Animals can suffer
•Popularized term “speciesm”
Complementary: Ethics and rights go beyond humans
Contradictory: Individualism vs. Holism
1.Reduction of suffering and death vs. Acting for overall health
2.Suffering of individual vs concern for population status |
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Term
| What are conservation dogs? |
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Definition
Detect wildlife scat
–Gorillas
–Panda
–Bears
–Ferret
•Carcass Detection
•Detect invasive plants and pests
•Use mostly shelter dogs! |
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Term
| Who is Peter Singer and what is the importance of the phrase that he popularized? |
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Definition
–Animal liberation
•Animals can suffer
•Popularized term “speciesm” |
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Term
| What are some environmental concerns specific to cats? |
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Definition
• Waste = water contamination
• Clay based litter
•Requires mining
•Shipped to drying facility
•Does not biodegrade
• Rabies
• Predation
• Competition |
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Term
| What are the specific concerns for dogs? |
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Definition
• poop contaminates water
• May stress/harass wildlife
• Endanger ground dwellers
• Droppings may contaminant water or soil |
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Term
| What is the environmental concern with pet food? |
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Definition
• Average medium size dog eats 360 pounds of meat per year and generates 596 lbs of CO2 emissions
• Feeding a cat generates 517 lbs of CO2 emissions |
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Term
| What were the changes in thinking that sparked the beginnings of the animal protection movement? |
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Definition
• Jeremy Bentham - “The question is not, Can they reason? Nor, Can they talk? But, Can they suffer?”
• William Hogarth’s Four Stages of Cruelty, 1751 |
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Term
| Who are the important people of the early animal protection movement and what were their contributions to it? |
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Definition
• Development in the 1970’s – modern animal rights movement
o Jeremy Bentham - “The question is not, Can they reason? Nor, Can they talk? But, Can they suffer?”
o John Lawrence “Can there be one kind of justice for men and another for brutes? Or is feeling inthem a different thing to what it is in ourselves? |
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Term
| What was the early legislative success for animals? Which animal(s) did this protect? |
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Definition
• Passage of the Ill-Treatment of Cattle Act (1822)
• Richard Martin, member of Parliament
• Good news: Outlawed, and basically eliminated bull baiting |
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Term
| What were some of the early animal protection groups discussed, and what is significant about each of them? |
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Definition
• RSPCA – royal society of prevention of cruelty to animals
o Early priorities were investigation and enforcement of anticruelty laws
o Richard Martin and Arthur Broome
• ASPCA – American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
o Henry Bergh
o Early focus on mistreatment of horses
• SPCAs
o Independent orgs
o Early focus on horses and livestock
o Dominant role in sheltering animals
• AHA – American Humane Association
o First priority: welfare of livestock during transport
o Later took on child protection role
• HSUS – Humane society of the US
o Broke away from AHA
o Wanted more focus on issues that AHA was not focusing on (vivisection, animal slaughter, hunting, etc.) |
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Term
| What were the changes in the role of the ASPCA and other SPCA’s over time? |
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Definition
• ASPCA focuses on national issues
• SPCA focues on community shelters and are independent from the ASPCA |
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Term
| What is the difference between animal rights and welfare? |
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Definition
Animal Rights –concerned with the use of animals by humans
Animal Welfare – concerned with the treatment of animals by humans |
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Term
| Which are PETA, HSUS, AHA, and the ASPCA classified as? |
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Definition
PETA – Animal Rights
HSUS, AHA, ASPCA – Animal Welfare |
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Term
| Who are the main players in the new animal rights movement? What were/are their contributions to the movement? |
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Definition
• Development in the 1970’s – modern animal rights movement
o Henry Salt - Animal Rights (1892) led to foundation of the animal rights movement
o Jeremy Bentham - “The question is not, Can they reason? Nor, Can they talk? But, Can they suffer?”
• Philosophical and ethical development of the original humane movement
o Peter Singer (Utilitarian view) Animal Liberation
o Tom Regan (Moral Rights view) The Case for Animal Rights
o Henry Spira Known as one of the best animal activists of the 20th century
Reintegrated shaming
• New Welfarism
o Gary Francione
o Using improvements in the welfare of animals as an intermediate step
o Ending goal is the total elimination of the use of animals |
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Term
| What is animal extremism? How is this different from the rest of the animal protection/rights movement? |
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Definition
• Major property damage, Domestic terrorism
• Not peaceful like the rest of animal protection/rights movement
• “Direct action” and Focus of media and corporations |
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Term
| What is the difference between gradualism and abolitionism? |
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Definition
Gradualism
–The idea that the best way to end animal suffering is through a gradual change to improve conditions for the animals
–Usually through changes in legislation
Abolitionism
–Improving the lives of animals being used for humans is not enough
–Animals should not be used by humans at all |
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Term
| How did the early poundmaster earn money? |
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Definition
• Confined escaped animals – sold or killed animals for food
• Sometimes stole animals and made owner pay reclaim fees to get pet back |
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Term
| Who are Carolyn Earle White and Phyllis Wright? What were their contributions to animal sheltering? |
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Definition
• Carolyn Earle White – PSPCA – first humane shelter in the US
• Phyllis Wright – HSUS - LES is more |
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Term
| What is meant by “LES is more”? |
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Definition
• Legalization
• Education
• Sterilization |
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Term
| What were the questions that were raised over time by those concerned with animal sheltering? |
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Definition
| • How many animals were being killed |
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Term
| How many animals enter shelters each year? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many of these animals are euthanized? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two ways in which animal shelters can be classified? |
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Definition
• Private shelters – non-profit groups run by local donations
• Public shelters – countries and cities mandated to control stray animals and enforce laws “animal control” |
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Term
| What is the difference between open and limited admission shelters? |
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Definition
• Open- take in any and all animals – sometimes euthanize when resources limited
• Limited admission – only take in animals when space available, can close doors, may be labeled as no kill shelter. |
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Term
| What are some ways to identify your pets? What is the most reliable method? |
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Definition
| • Collar and tags, microchipping is the most reliable method. |
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Term
| How are national organizations linked to local animal shelters? |
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Definition
• Local shelters not connected to national organizations. – don’t receive funding
• ASPCA, AHA, HSUS do provide invaluable resources for shelters and shelter professionals. |
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Term
| What is Petfinder.com and The Shelter Pet Project? How are these related to animal shelters? |
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Definition
• Shelter pet project: raise awareness of pet adoption
• Petfinder : website designed to help prospective pet owners find the perfect shelter pet. |
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Term
| What are some benefits to adopting an animal from the shelter in terms of care and cost? |
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Definition
• Already spayed/neutered
• Microchipped
• Vaccinated
• Health checked
• Behavior tested |
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