Term
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Definition
| Solid, inorganic crystalline elements that cannot be decomposed or synthesized by the body |
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Term
| Calcium location in the body |
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Definition
| Found in skeleton and teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| Plays a role in nerve transmission, muscle contraction, blood clotting |
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Term
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Definition
| Deficiencies result in rickets: a disease of the bony growth plate, and parturient paresis (in cows): muscle spasms (tetany) and muscle weakness (paresis) |
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Term
| Phosphorus location in the body |
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Definition
| Found in bone, phospholipid bilayer, and ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| Formation of bones and teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| Pica: animals have a craving for unusual foods such as wood and other materials |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Required for cellular respiration and heart function |
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Term
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Definition
| Grass tetany: convulsions then death in most severe cases |
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Term
| Sodium, potassium, and chloride location |
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Definition
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Term
| Sodium, potassium, and chloride functions |
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Definition
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Term
| Sodium, potassium, and chloride deficiencies |
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Definition
| Salt deficiency: salt poisoning or water deprivation |
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Term
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Definition
| Amino acids: methionine, cystine, and cysteine; vitamins: biotin and thiamin; polysaccharides: chondroitin sulfate (found in cartilage, bone, and tendons) and heparin |
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Term
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Definition
| Lipid metabolisms, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, and blood clotting |
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Term
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Definition
| Would also be linked to a protein deficiency, sulfur may need to be supplemented to create dispensable proteins in ruminants |
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Term
| Hormones involved in calcium balance |
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Definition
| Calcitriol and PTH (parathyroid hormone) |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduces the solubility and digestibility of phosphorus, calcium, and protein and leads to various deleterious physiological cascades |
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Term
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Definition
| Compounds that may bind phosphorus and reduce its absorption from the GI tract |
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Term
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Definition
| Dissociate into ions in water, ions conduct electrical current, and have the greatest ability to cause fluid shifts |
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Term
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Definition
| Don't dissociate in water, no charged particles created |
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Term
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Definition
| Intracellular fluid: fluid found in cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Extracellular fluid: fluid found outside of cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Positively charged particle |
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Term
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Definition
| Negatively charged particle |
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Term
| Major cations found inside the cell |
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Definition
| Potassium and magnesium ions |
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Term
| Major cations found outside the cell |
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Definition
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Term
| Major anions found inside the cell |
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Definition
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Term
| Major anions found outside the cell |
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Definition
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Term
| Hormones that help regulate sodium balance |
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Definition
| Aldosterone, ADH, and ANP |
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Term
| Hormone that helps regulate potassium balance |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Dietary cation-anion difference |
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Term
| Cobalt location and function |
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Definition
| Required for B12, cofactors for enzymes involved in DNA synthesis and amino acid metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduced appetite, anemia, and scaly ears |
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Term
| Iodine location and function |
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Definition
| Found in the thyroid gland, used in T3/T4 formation |
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Term
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Definition
| Hyperthyroidism in cats and hypothyroidism in dogs |
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Term
| Iron location and function |
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Definition
| Found in red blood cells and muscle, stored as ferritin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Hypothalamus and pituitary gland are both in the brain, hypothalamus releases TSH, TSH triggers release of T3 and T4 |
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Term
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Definition
| Collectively called thyroxine |
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