Term
|
Definition
| Has mass and occupies space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The smallest particles exhibiting chemical properties of an element |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sharing of electron pairs between atoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Molecules with the same number and type of elements, but arranged differently |
|
|
Term
| Classification of carbohydrates |
|
Definition
| Broken down into simple and complex |
|
|
Term
| Classification of simple carbohydrates |
|
Definition
| Broken down into monosaccharides and disaccharides |
|
|
Term
| Classification of complex carbohydrates |
|
Definition
| Polysaccharides: broken down into plants and animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Simple sugars containing 3 to 7 carbon atoms, monomers of carbohydrates - single subunits
Glucose, fructose, galactose, deoxyribose, and ribose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Double sugars (two monosaccharides)
Maltose, sucrose, and lactose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
More than two monosaccharides
Cellulose, starch (amylose and amylopectin), and glycogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A process that allows for a disaccharide to become a monosaccharide (occurs during the breakdown of biomolecules) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Occurs during the synthesis of biomolecules |
|
|
Term
| Carbohydrates are important in animal nutrition because... |
|
Definition
| they can be used to create water, carbon dioxide, and ATP. |
|
|
Term
| Similarities between glycogen and starch |
|
Definition
| Both are glucose molecules linked together/alpha-glucose |
|
|
Term
| Differences between glycogen and starch |
|
Definition
Glycogen: storage form of energy in animals, highly branched chains
Starch: storage form of energy in plants, branched or unbranched chains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Used for mechanical strength to prevent cell from bursting, maintain cell shape; plant/beta-glucose
Used to make clothing, fiber, and wood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Food for horses or cattle such as bermuda or alfalfa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A complex carbohydrate, found in the body |
|
|
Term
| Carbohydrates are formed in plants by |
|
Definition
| a polymer of glucose created during photosynthesis. Starch is then eaten by animals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| NOT polymers, diverse group of fatty, water-insoluble molecules; function as stored energy, cellular membrane components, and hormones |
|
|
Term
| Four primary classes of lipids |
|
Definition
| Triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, and eicosanoids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Esters of fatty acids with various alcohols |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fatty acids with alcohol and another group; phospholipd, lipoproteins, and glycolipid |
|
|
Term
| Components of a triglyceride |
|
Definition
| Glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Phosphorus makes it unique |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Carbohydrates make it unique |
|
|
Term
| The two properties fats and fatty acids depend on are... |
|
Definition
| the length of the carbon chain and the degree of saturation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contains NO carbon-carbon double bonds because carbons are "saturated" with hydrogens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contains carbon-carbon double bond because carbons are not "saturated" with hydrogens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Not made in the body or not made in sufficient amounts |
|
|
Term
| Two essential polyunsaturated fatty acids |
|
Definition
| Linoleic (omega-6) and linolenic (omega-3) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CLA stands for conjugated linoleic acid; protects against cancer, diabetes, atherogenesis, and obesity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Conversion of unsaturated fatty acids to more saturated by bacteria found in the gut |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eicosanoids are formed from... |
|
Definition
| fatty acids within the phospholipid bilayer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stimulate pain and inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Made by platelets, assist with clotting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Made from leukocytes, plays a role in inflammation |
|
|
Term
| Previcox or Rimadyl might be used to treat dogs with inflammation because... |
|
Definition
| they block the pathway to create prostaglandins and thromboxanes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chemicals that exert effects on the same cells that secrete them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Locally acting chemicals that affect cells other than those that secrete them |
|
|
Term
| Four types of lipoproteins |
|
Definition
| Chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, and HDL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Travel through the blood carrying fats |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Very low density lipoprotein, gets transformed into low density lipoprotein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Low density lipoprotein, delivers cholesterol to cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| High density lipoprotein, removes the excess cholesterol from cells and therefore most desired |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plaque buildup in artery walls caused by LDLs storing too much cholesterol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Complex structures composed of 100 or more amino acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Catalysts, defense, transportation, support, movement, and regulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All amino acids needed must be present at the same time for protein synthesis to occur, known as the all-or-none rule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Not made in the body at all or in sufficient amounts; leucine, lysine, tryptophan, valine, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Not required in the diet because the body makes enough; alanine, glycine, serine, etc. |
|
|
Term
| Taurine deficiency in cats |
|
Definition
| Can lead to blindness, cardiomyopathy, stillbirths, and even death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Conformational change to a protein |
|
|
Term
| Reasons that cause denaturation |
|
Definition
| Increased temperature or changes in pH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Interferes with electrostatic interactions and some other intramolecular bonds, changes in blood pH can be lethal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Myosin, collagen, elastin, and keratin |
|
|
Term
| Lysine is an essential amino acid because... |
|
Definition
| it's the key to improving protein availability. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Store and transfer genetic information |
|
|
Term
| Components of a nucleotide monomer |
|
Definition
| Sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cytosine, uracil, thymine, adenine, and guanine |
|
|
Term
| Nitrogenous base pairing sequence |
|
Definition
| A and T, G and C, or A and U when paired in RNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
