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ANSC 205
Exam 1
63
Science
Undergraduate 3
03/08/2015

Additional Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Flagship
Definition

charismatic creasture inspire conservation efforts for themselves - and for the thousands of lesser known, but vitally important plants and animals with which they co-exist

 

(Panda Bears for China)

Term
Indicators
Definition

a species whose status provides information on the overall condition of the ecosystem and of other species in environmental conditions as well as aspects of community composition

 

(Polar Bears - Global Warming)

Term
Umbrella
Definition

Represents other species, their biology is well known, they are easily observed or sampled, they have large home ranges, are migratory and have a long persistence time. An umbrella species may or may not also serve as another type of surrogate, such as an indicator species, keystone species, or flagstone species

 

(black bears)

Term
number one reason for endangerment
Definition
Habitat loss (can lead to inbreeding)
Term
why isnt the black bear endangered, only bear to not be
Definition

because it is very adaptable

-ominvores

-delayed implantation

etc

Term
how many bear species are there?
Definition

8 on 4 different continents

brown, american black, asian black, polar, spectacled, sun, sloth, giant panda

Term
when did agriculture begin?
Definition

after last ice age, 10,000 years ago (more stable climates)

important to development of civilization

Term
domestication characteristics in animals
Definition

14 animals over 100 lbs domesticated

  • hardiness
  • dominance social behaivor
  • herd behavior
  • utility to humans
  • facile reproduction
  • facile husbandry

domesticated 16 mammals, 4 avian

1 true carnivor = cat (1 of the 16)

2 ominivores (dog and pig)

Term
sheep domestication
Definition

among first hoofed domesticate

food, fiber, milk

9000 BP

Fertile crest syria or Turkey

Term
goat domestication
Definition

same time as sheep (9000 BP)

fertile cresent iraq

meat, fiber, milk

Term
Pig domestication
Definition

at multiple sites(~7)

8000 BP in fertile crescent

7000 BP in East asia

food - today most from china (east asia) and Germany (Europe)

Term
cattle domestication
Definition

from aurochs

at two sites

8000 BP Bos taurus in fertile crest Turkey/syria

7000 BP Bos indicus in Zebu in India

religious purposes first then draft, meat and milk

Term
domestication of cats
Definition

Near-Eastern tabby like wild cat

9000 BP in fertile crescent

in early ag settings as pest control

companionship and worship

 

much later domestication in Egypt for religious purposes - worship

Term
where did the seahorse farming video take place
Definition

philipines

 

3 tier program

  • holding cage for males
  • "no fish zone"
  • farming
Term
uses for animals other than food
Definition
traction (pulling/hauling), inedible products, clothing, conservation, tourism, guard animals, manure, research, capital generations, storage, pest control
Term
what effect does animals being harvested for nonedible purposes have on the population?
Definition
This has a negative effect on the population
Term
what effect does animals being harvested for clothing purposes have on the population?
Definition
positive or negative depending on the animals status
Term
What does a balanced population mean?
Definition
healthy animals
Term
what percent of animals used for research do rats and mice make up?
Definition
95%
Term
are research animals well cared for?
Definition
yes because if you dont your findings could be skewed (useless data)
Term
which country has the most companion animals?
Definition
USA
Term
Which country has the most birds (companions)
Definition
China
Term
What is the number one vet health problem in cats and dogs?
Definition
obesity
Term
what is the number one killer of cats and dogs?
Definition
overpopulation
Term
human animal bond
Definition
continuous, bidirectional relationship bringing significant benefit to both, in some sense voluntary . Each party treats other with object of admiration, trust, devotion, or love
Term
zoonosis counts for what perecent of emerging diseases
Definition
75%
Term
what plays a crucial role in all aspects of human-animal interactions?
Definition
Education
Term
carrying capacity
Definition
the maximum population of a biological species that an enviormnent can sustain indefinitely, given the availalbe resources
Term
Isle Royal
Definition

largest Island in Lake Superior

wolves and moose are the single predator prey loop

Term
what determines agricultural sstems used in a certain area?
Definition

environment

society

religion

Term
Extensive agricultural systems
Definition

low input in relation to land area farmed

outputs depend on natural factors

location far from markets

smallholders

Term
intensie agriculture systems
Definition

high inputs

high outputs

located close to market

Term
Primitive agriculture
Definition

making ends meet

supplemented with hunting, gathering, stealing, etc.

nomadic herding in dry areas-follow the heards

slash-and-burn agricuture

system of land rotation

practiced in some tropical areas

rudimentary sedentary tillage (stay in one place)

 

Term
Subsistence agriculture
Definition

goal: feed self and family

self-sufficiency

small scale, low tech, local consumption, no trade

intensive subsistence tillage

animals for work not food

Term
Developed agriculture
Definition

Goal: make a profit

management usually intesnsive (poss extensive)

ranching, gran farming, livestock/crop farming, diary farming,plantations, specialized horticulture, mediterranean agriculture, market gardening

Term
horses' ancestor
Definition

eohippus: small dog like animal with toes

chestnut thought to be remnants of toes

 

domesticated in Eurasian steppes ~ 4000-3500 B.C.

last to be domesticated

Term
horse population in U.S. and world wide
Definition

USA: 9.2 million (most of all countries)

World Wide: 58 Million

Term
how many americans are involved in the horse industry
Definition
4.6 million
Term
horse with turned in ears
Definition

Asian Marwari horse

used for royal purposes (looks regal)

Term
what characteristics do japanese native breeds of horses share in common
Definition
  • they are all technically ponies
  • they are known for their endurance, their ability to survive on poor food and in severe weather conditions
  • all share the characteristics of having extremely tough hooves
Term
what is the oldes living equine
Definition

Asian mongolian Prezeqalksi horse

endangered

considered the living link between the modern horse and its prehistoric ancestors

 

traditionally and modernally hunted for meat

Term
where is the biggest horse race in the world?
Definition
united Arab Emirates: big reace in the UAE is the Dubai World Cup, a race wih a purse of six million dollars, making it the largest purse in the world
Term
warmblooded horse
Definition
warmbloods: resutl of breeding large cold draft horses with hot blooded lighter and faster horses
Term
pheasant hunting program: wildlife propagation centers
Definition

helfrich WPC central Il

Des Plaines WPC notheastern IL

Mt. Vernon WPC southern IL

Term
Types of pheasent release
Definition

gentle release

-small groups

-catch, disorient, release in cover

-areas in danger of pheasents flying out (small areas)

 

Fly out:

-larger area release

-not flock birds

Term
Philosophy of operations for pheasent hunting
Definition
produce high quality captive reared pheasants at least cost that are virtually indistinguishable f rom naturally occuring pheasants
Term
what birds where brought in for crossbreeding
Definition

manchurian pheasant chicks from wisconsin derived from wild pheasant in northcentral china and brought directly to us by Ma Farlane

 

china male crossed with IL female

noticably wilder pogeny

Term
How many birds are harvested each year by controlled pheasant hunting
Definition
Controlled pheasant hunting programs harvest 98% of the pheasants harvested on public hunting arease managed by IDNR
Term
who is the larges producer of Peaken Ducks?
Definition
Indiana
Term
who has the highes per capita consumption of ducks?
Definition
Wisconsin
Term
feed conversion ratio for ducks
Definition
1.7lbs feed per 1 lb of gain very efficient (little better than chickens)
Term
duck growth
Definition
amazing, on average gain just over 25% of their body weight everyday
Term
what does wildlife require to survive
Definition
food, cover, and water... with these three they will flourish
Term
what accounts for the highest percentage of lamb death losses in open range, fenced  range and farm flocks?
Definition
predators (2009)
Term
how has the eastern coyote evolved
Definition
from crosses between western coyotes and the grey wolf...not subject to predation, and infestation of parasites and are disease are minimal
Term
what animal evokes strong feelings in people?
Definition
the wolf... these emotions can be one way or the other (kill or conserve)
Term
why do dogs kill?
Definition
for sport not for food... often dog attacks on livestock are worse than wolf/coyote attacks/kills
Term
Fladry
Definition
consiss of a rope or wire that has strips of red or orange flagging all along its length... whips about in wind to create psychological deterrent to wolves...
Term
guard animals
Definition

dogs, donkeys, llamas, catle, horses, mules (donkey/mule) probably best

bond to flock early

break predation cycle of predator-dont attack but engage

-breaks series of steps a predator goes through prior to a kill-makes predator tired and confused and or intimidated and injured

Term
who consumes the most pork, chicken, beef, milk,eggs?
Definition

china-pork

USA-chicken, beef

India-milk

Mexico-eggs

Term
what kind of diet do people have as evolutionary design
Definition
omnivores
Term
efficiency monogastrics, ruminants
Definition

monogastrics-effective yet similar diet to people

ruminants-less efficient yet turn forage into food

Term
what to consider when producing animals
Definition

water availability

production type

economic/political stability

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