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ANS102
Seafood Pathogens
54
Agriculture
Undergraduate 1
12/05/2011

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Cards

Term
What is Sashimi?
Definition
Sliced raw fish by itself.
Term
Sushi and Sashimi are high in what?
Definition
High in water and protein content?
Term
How do sushi and sashimi get contaminated in restaurants?
Definition
1. Food is prepared in advance
2. There is a prolonged storage of the food at ambient temperatures
3. Use of unsafe food source (contaminated ingredients)
4. Cross contamination by staff
Term
How do sushi and sashimi get contamination from the marine environment?
Definition
1. Parasites (worms)
2. Bacteria (Clostridium difficile spore)
3. Toxins (Algal blooms)
Term
What are Larval Anisakis and where can they be found?
Definition
They are a common parasite of marine and anadromous fish, & can also be foudn in squid and cuttle fish.
Term
Larvae pass into the bowel, a severe _______ granulomatos response may also occur 1 to 2 weeks following infection, causing symptoms mimicking _____ disease.
Definition
1. Eosinophilic
2. Crohns
Term
In soem cases infection can lead to a snall bowel obstruction, which may require _____.
Definition
-Surgery
Term
Diphyllobothrium Latum is the scientific name for what?
Definition
-Fish Tapeworm
Term
A Cestode (Tapeworm) is both segmented and ______.
Definition
-Hemaphroditic
Term
What do Cestodes feed on since they have no digestive tract?
Definition
-Pre-digested food
Term
What are ingested 1-2 days by suitable species of fresh water crustaceans (copepods)?
Definition
-Coracidium
Term
After the crustaceans ingest coracidium, the coracidium loses its cilia and penetrates the intestinal wall of the crustacean where it grows what type of elongated larva?
Definition
-Procercoid
Term
When the infected crustacean (capepods) are ingested by a species of fresh water or ______ fish where the crustacean is digested and the procercoid is freed.
Definition
-Anadromous
Term
How long does it take for a tapeworm to reach maturity?
Definition
3-5 weeks
Term
How many tapeworms are usually associated with human infection?
Definition
-One
Term
What do doctors look for to diagnose tapeworm?
Definition
-Segments and Eggs
Term
What vitamin does the tapeworm deprive you of?
Definition
-B12
Term
What are the symptoms of tapeworms?
Definition
7. Diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, weight loss, fatigue, constipation, & discomfort
Term
How do you treat D. Latum (tapeworm)?
Definition
-Removing the head (Scolex)
Term
What is the drug of choice for treatment of D. Latum?
Definition
-Yomesan (Niclosamide)
Term
What is the percentage of Clostridium Difficile found in Canadian Grocery Stores?
Definition
-4.8%
Term
What are the characteristics of Clostridium Difficile?
Definition
1. Gram Positive
2. Anaerobic
3. Spore forming bacterium
Term
Treatment for Clostridium Difficile?
Definition
-Vancomycin or Matronidazole (Fagyl)
Term
How are Phytoplankton formed?
Definition
-Blooms of single-celled algae
Term
These phytoplankton can produce what natural toxins that can by lethal?
Definition
-Red Toxins
Term
Have global climate changes increased or decreased algal booms?
Definition
-Increased
Term
What do can algal blooms cause?
Definition
1. Respiratory Toxicity
2. Carcinogenic
Term
What kind of feeder are oysters considered?
Definition
-Filter Feeders
Term
What is the temperature that oysters must stay above?
Definition
-10 degrees celcius or 50 degrees Fahrenheit
Term
How many litres can oysters filter up to?
Definition
-5 per hour
Term
What do oysters eat?
Definition
-Plankton
Term
Percentage of oysters sold on the half-shell?
Definition
-Approximately 46.5%
Term
How many oysters are consumed raw each year?
Definition
-15.8 million lbs.
Term
What is the percentage of food bourne illnesses caused by oysters?
Definition
-8%
Term
Vibrio Cholerae require what for growth?
Definition
-High salt content
Term
Vibrio Cholerae grow at temperatures higher than...
Definition
-15 degrees celcius
Term
How many deaths does Vibrio Cholerae cause per year?
Definition
-120,000
Term
How does Vibrio Cholerae cause death?
Definition
-Dehydration
Term
What is your chance of getting infected with Vibrio Parahemolyticus by consuming raw fish?
Definition
3-23.9%
Term
Multi-drug resistance in S.Newport has increased ___% over the last 5 years.
Definition
20%
Term
Salmonella Newport represents ___% of all Salmonella serovars reported to CDC
Definition
9.1%
Term
Norovirus is and RNA virus (Caliciviridae) that causes approximately ___% of epidemic non-bacterial outbreaks of gastroenteritis.
Definition
90%
Term
Norovirus is responsible for ___% fo all foodborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the US
Definition
50%
Term
How many days does it take for the Norovirus to cause symptoms?
Definition
1-2 days
Term
How long do the symptoms last caused by the Norovirus?
Definition
24-60 hours
Term
How many deaths are caused per year by the Norovirus?
Definition
300 per year
Term
What type of blood is effected more often by the Norovirus?
Definition
Blood type O
Term
Outbreaks of Hepatitis from the consumption of raw shellfish have been reported since ____.
Definition
1962
Term
Hepatitis can cause inflammation of the what?
Definition
-Liver
Term
Hepatitis can heal itself or can progress to fibrosis (scarring) and _____.
Definition
-Cirrhosis
Term
There is a vaccine for Hepatitis A, one injection then a booster dose after _____ months.
Definition
6-12 months
Term
Is there treatment for hepatitis?
Definition
-No
Term
The Norovirus is rapidly inactivated by sufficient _____ & by _____.
Definition
-Heating &Chlorine
Term
How do we solve this problem so that Seafood can be safe to eat?
Definition
1. Clean up rearing waters
2. Close estuaries that are continuously contaminated
3. Cook all seafood-DO NOT EAT RAW SEAFOOD!
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