Term
| NRC classifications has what numbers? |
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Definition
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Term
| Vegetative portion of plants that are consumed by animals, edible plant parts that must contain 18%CF or 35%NDF is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Forages is important for providing bulk and fiber to the what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of forage is NRC classification 1 that are stored forages that contain 70-92%DM and are important for winter/dry season feeding of animals? |
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Definition
| Dry forages and Roughages |
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Term
| Dry forages include what 3 forages? |
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Definition
| Hay, Artificially dried forages, and Roughages |
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Term
| Roughages are also known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the product of sun curing cut grass in the field for 2-4 days and then stored under dry conditions? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Decrease moisture to a level that inhibits microbial activity |
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Term
| Drying causes carotene losses, but increases what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does hay quality depend on? |
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Definition
| Forage species, Drying condition, Drying duration, Maturity at harvest, fertilization |
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Term
| When cutting a hay field and letting it dry, what percentage of DM is wanted? |
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Definition
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Term
| Square bales are easier to what then round bales? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of field loss is greater under humid conditions and less under dry conditions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of field loss has grasses 2-5% and legumes at 3-35%? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of field loss is due to rain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What storage loss occurs in wet hay due to microbial activity and can result in complete loss of the hay and barn? |
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Definition
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Term
| What storage loss occurs in wet hay due to microbial action and can denature proteins and the wetness also facilitates molding? |
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Definition
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Term
| If hay DM is 85-90% minimal storage losses occur if stored in barn. however if stored outside exterior loss is approximately what percent? |
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Definition
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Term
| What dry forages/roughages helps preserve nutrients and pigments but is extremely expensive? |
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Definition
| Artificially dried forages (88-92%DM) |
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Term
| What dry forages/roughages is a by product of grain or food crops, generally mature stems, high in lignin, low in digestibility and protein? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some examples of crop residues? |
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Definition
| Straw, Stover, Stalks, Hulls |
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Term
| What forage in NRC classification 2 and contains 20-30%DM? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 types of fresh forages? |
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Definition
| Pasture/Range and Green crop |
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Term
| What fresh forage vary with species, nutrient composition affected by maturity, fertilization, and irrigation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What fresh forage is undried forage, harvested and fed immediately, high quality, high yield, labor and equipment intensive? |
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Definition
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Term
| Green crop is mainly used in what industry? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is NRC classification 3, a product of anaerobic storage of high moisture forage, storage process is fermentation, contains 20-490%DM? |
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Definition
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Term
| What exclusion is critical for ideal type of fermentation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Chemical changes during fermentation sugars are fermented into lactic, acetic, propionic and butyric acid by anaerobic microorganism. Which is preferred? |
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Definition
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Term
| The fermentation of the acids reduced what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Low pH prevents growth of what 2 things that cause aerobic degradation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of silage has the whole plant ensiled and the grain gives fermentable carbohydrate, stem gives digestible fiber and its palatable? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of silage is good ruminant feed, high in NPN, high in sugars, protein and low NDF? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of silage has low sugar, high NDF, poor fermentation, silage additives and wilting increases nutrients but increases chances for heating? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of silage is high in CP, difficult to ensile due to high buffering capacity, wilting, additive treatment aid fermentation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of silage is high in DM, difficult to pack, and additive treatment aids fermentation? |
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Definition
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Term
| When packing silage what is used to hold plastic down on top of packed silage? |
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Definition
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Term
| Forage processing provides a more uniform product, facilitates intake by minimizing selection and increasing what 2 things? |
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Definition
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Term
| Grinding can increase dustiness. Dust can be minimized by what 3 things? |
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Definition
| Spraying fat, Soaking in water, and Soaking in molasses |
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Term
| The forage processing of what increases intake and rate of passage especially in poor quality forages, not dusty, cost is offset, and possible choking can happen? |
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Definition
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Term
| The forage processing of what is dry hay forced through a screen producing a square product, easier to transport, increase homogeneity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Feeding dairy cows a ration in which the forage component is cubed can reduce what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is defined/indicated by the production rate of a producing animal when the forage is fed alone and free choice? |
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Definition
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Term
| Forage quality depend on what 2 things? |
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Definition
| Voluntary intake and Nutritive value |
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Term
| What are some factors that effect nutritive value? |
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Definition
| Irrigation, Fertilizer, Maturity of the forage, Pre harvest handling, Post harvesting handling,Species of forage |
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Term
| What are the 3 ration factors affecting intake? |
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Definition
| Processing, Palatability, and Diet components |
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Term
| What are some animal factors affecting intake? |
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Definition
| Gut capacity, Passage rate, Body weight, Age, Sex, Hierarchy, Appetite |
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Term
| What are the 5 management factors affecting intake? |
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Definition
| Stocking rate, Feed bunk design, Forage treatments applied, Water intake, and Cow comfort |
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Term
| What 2 climate factors affect intake? |
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Definition
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Term
| What temperature stimulates appetite? |
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Definition
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Term
| What temperature depresses appetite? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does NIRS stand for? |
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Definition
| Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy |
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