Term
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Definition
| Responsible for pigments, coloration, eye and reproductive health, bone development |
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Term
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Definition
| Converts into Vitamin A. Alpha and Beta carotene, Lycopene. Plant form |
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Term
| Carotenoids: Xanthophylls |
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Definition
| No vitamin A conversion, but promotes pigmentation. Lutein, Zeaxanthin |
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Term
| Characteristics of Fat Soluble Vit. |
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Definition
| Stored in liver, adipose tissue. Too much can be toxic. Stronger in processing. AD most toxic. EK least toxic. Deficiency rare |
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Term
| Characteristics of Water Soluble Vit. |
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Definition
| No storage, less toxic. Loss in processing. Deficiency fast. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sunshine vitamin. Vitamin D2 plant, Vitamin D3 animal form. Regulates blood Ca by regulating absorption. |
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Term
| Vitamin D hormone: Calcitonin |
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Definition
| Produced in thyroid gland. Kicks in when blood Ca is too high, stores it in bone and decreases absorption |
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Term
| Vitamin D hormone: Parathyroid hormone |
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Definition
| Kicks in when blood Ca is too low. Mobilizes Ca from the bones, and stimulates kidney to activate Vit. D to increase absorption. |
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Term
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Definition
| Antioxidant function. Decreases effect of oxygen species and amount of free radicals. Paired up with selenium to make the cell membrane stronger. |
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Term
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Definition
| Essential for blood clotting. |
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Term
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Definition
| Supplies enzymes to produce pyruvate --> acetyl CoA |
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Term
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Definition
| Functions in carbohydrates,lipid and protein metabolism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Component of NAD and NADP, oxidation-reduction rxn, H transfer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Constitute of Acetyl-CoA and fatty acid CoA, transfers to cells to jumpstart rxns. |
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Term
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Definition
| Amino acid metabolism. Transanimation and Decarboxylation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Synthesis of purine and thymidine to produce red blood cells, GI tract cells, transfers methyl groups |
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Term
| Vitamin B12:Cyno-cobalamin |
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Definition
| Methyl transfer, related to folic acid. |
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Term
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Definition
| Involved with fat synthesis, transport, and metabolism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Carb and fatty acid metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| Antioxidant properties, req. for only few species, collagen synthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mo, Se, I, Co, Cr |
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Term
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Definition
| Skeletal, Muscle contration, Blood coagulation. Formation and continuous growth of collagen, bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Breaks down/reabsorbs bone cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Regulation of blood Ca and P levels are done by |
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Definition
| PTH, Calcitonin, Vitamin D |
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Term
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Definition
Low blood Ca. PTH released from parathyroid gland to
Increase of P excretion. Ca Resorption and mobilization of Bone Ca, Vitamin D synthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| High blood Ca. Calcitonin reverse affects of PTH hormone. Bone mobilization reduced, Ca excreted |
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Term
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Definition
| Involved in structural and metabolic activities. Commonly paired up with Ca. |
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Term
| Phosphorus-phytate complex |
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Definition
| P in plant form. Hard to break up, making it easily excreted. Phytase enzyme used make P-phytate usable. |
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Term
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Definition
| 3rd most abundant. Functions in energy metabolism, enzyme activation, skeletal development. |
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Term
| Electrolytes: Na+, K+, Cl- |
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Definition
| Carrier for minerals, involved with metabolism, maintenance of osmotic pressure, membranes and acid-base balance. |
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Term
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Definition
Na+ main extra cellular cation
transport of nutrients, channels, muscle contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| Cl- Extra cellular anion. Regulates osmotic pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| K+ intracellular cation. Regulates osmotic pressure and is a component of the Na pump |
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Term
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Definition
| Component of organic bio molecules (enzymes, proteins, amino acids, vitamins), fur and skin quality, collagen and connective tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Oxygen carrier in blood and muscle (transferrin). Has two Oxidation states: Fe II and Fe III. |
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Term
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Definition
| Storage form of Fe. Soluble and readily available. Stored in the liver, spleen, bone marrow |
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Term
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Definition
| Insoluble, not readily available. |
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Term
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Definition
Two oxidation states: Cuprous (Cu I) and Cupric (Cu II)
Required for red blood cell formation. Involved in formation of collagen and elastin. Fur pigmentation. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Involved with thyroxin, a thyroid gland hormone that regulates basal metabolic rate.
TSH: increase uptake of I. Secreted by anterior pituitary gland. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Found mostly in muscle and liver. Antioxidant which works alongside Vitamin E. Se more important for ruminants. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used by microbes to produce vitamin B12. |
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Term
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Definition
| Concentrated in the bone. Maintains and produces bone matrices. Involved with CHO, protein, and lipid metabolism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Component of metalloenzymes, widely distributed throughout the body. Binds to albumin for transport. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cofactor for enzyme systems |
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