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Annelids thru deuterosomes
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71
Biology
Undergraduate 2
04/03/2009

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Term
Annelids
Definition

Lophtorcozoa

Repeated bodparts=metameres, seperated by a septum

use longitudinal and circulr muscles for mvmnt

peristalic contractions

have parapod(gills) on each segment

move wiith setea and ceate on parapodia

these guys are SEGMENTED

Term
Peristalic contractions
Definition

when longitudinal muscle is relaxed the worm is streatched, when they are contraced they are bunched up

each segment haspaired metanephridea (faculatative) for nitrogen waste, and paired ganglion for communication of muscles during locomotion.

use a hydrostatic skeleton for structure support

Term

where does a closed circulatory system appear?

 

Definition

in the annelids!

pumping muslces is some segments move contained fliud into capilary beds for diffusion.

Term
annelid sexuality
Definition

hermaphrodites

gondad types next door, rub gonoducts to exchange sperm.  fertilized eggs released into soil covered in a mucus cocoon produced by the clitellum.

Term
polychaete sex stratagey
Definition

many asexually bud clones called zooids.

some also bud epitokes: gamete filled individuals with enlarged eyes. swim to surface, release gametes and die.

Term
polychaetes
Definition

=many haris

lophtrochozoa

anneldia

polychate

2 types: errant and sedentary

Term
sea mouse
Definition

cross between a chitin and a pill bug

large and hairy

use parapodia for mvmnt with projecting bristles of setea

Term

errant polychaete

 

 

Definition

have parapodia with setea for mvment

have a sensory strucutre for prey capture and detection.

these moblie worms are mostly predatore, have tentecles, large eyes, and jaws that extrude from a phayrnx

Term
sedentary polychaets
Definition

filter feed with tentecles

lack prominet sensory structres but do have a shadow reflex.  Usually live in some sort of burrow

sedentaria

polychaeta

annelidia

lophotrochozoa

Term

types of sedentary polychaets

Definition

sandcastle worm (sand clump, build in the intertidal)

tube worm (gray, thin sand covering)

feather duster

plume worm

x-mas tree worm

tube worm (looks just like a tube snail, inhabiting a mollusc shell)

Term
earthworms
Definition

oligochaete

citellates

annelidia

lophtrochozoa

lack parapodia but use bristles for movement and attachment to burrow.

live on land or in fresh water

store food in a crop and grind in a gizzard

Term
tubaflex worm
Definition

oligochaeta

citellates

annelidia

lophtorchozoa

small, live in water and able to diffuse oxygen thru body, high surface area -->no lungs or gills

Term
leeches
Definition

hirudinea

citlleates

annelida

lophotrochozoa

lack bristles, or seatea, use sucker for locomotion.

spealized jaws:

1) annesetic so piercing is not felt

2) cappillary dialatory to increase blood flow

3)anticoagulant

 DONT HAVE A CLITELLUM, and no parapodia

 

 

Term
thermal vents
Definition

archeobacteria are primary produceres of deep sea thermal vents

H2S and CH4 are released and these bacteria break these molecules down.  they are the base of the food chain, when another organisim eacts them the broken down molecues are avalibale to be used to synthesis carbs and other molecules.

life is belived to have orginated here, not much disturbance in thier environment.

whales are long distance dispersal mechanisim, need new vents each decade or so.

Term
pogonophorans
Definition

pogonophora 

annelidia

lophotrochozoa

beard bearing worms

lack GI tract and mouth

use tentacles to take up sulfer for their symbiont bacteria

red tip dog weiners

no specimans, on card if shown

Term
brachiopods
Definition

brachiopods

lophophore

lophotochozoa

pedicle for attachment

use a lohphore for feeding, cilliaed tentacles

resemble bivalves

some have pedicle for attachment

lamp shells died out with dinosours, shells made of calsium phosphate

Term
bryzoans
Definition

bryzoa

lophphore

lophtrochozoa

feed with ciliated tentacles

"moss animals"

look like turkish towls, or hydrazoa

live in a colony, have task specialization

asexually reproduce with zooids

have a calcareous or proteinceous exoskeleton

have a closeable operculem

Term
echiura
Definition

spoon worms, fat inkeeper worm

echiura

lophtochozoa

 

Term
fat innkeeper worm
Definition

lives in burrow with commesal organsims:

scale wrom

clam

goby fish

catches food with mucus net using perstalic contractions

Term
sipincula
Definition

peanut worms (butthole worms)

sipicula

lophtrochozoa

Term
nemertean
Definition

ribbon worms

no segments, mostly smooth

blak/purple specimans

nemertea

lophtrochozoa

Term
trilobita
Definition

extinct

3 lobed bottom dewllers

only fossil specimans, segmented like pill bugs, but thinner segments

trilobita

arthropoda

arthpopids

ecdyzoa

Term
sea spiders
Definition

pycogonidia

gonads in legs

gastrovalsular cavity extends into each leg.

external digestion, fluid feeders

pycogonidia

chelicerata

arthropoda

arthopoids

ecdyzoa

 

Term
horse shoe crabs
Definition

meristomata

chilicerata

arthopoda

arthopopoids

ecdyzoa

have larva that resemble trilobita

only chelicerates with compound eyes

have a book gill which eveolved into book lung in the arachnids

Term
seedshrimp
Definition

ostracoda

crustcea

arthropoda

arthopopoids

ecdyzoa

"shell like" see thru creatures

have napulis larval stage

 

Term
Brine shrimp
Definition

branchipodia

crustecea

arthropodia

arthpopoids

adapted for high salt water living

able to enter a inactive stage called daipause. their eggs are resistant to desication

respire with "gill feet"

Term

daphnia

 

Definition

branchipodia

crustacea

arthropodia

arthpopoids

ecdyzoa

spring predator free

summer predatore --> larva with spines

=polymorhisim

 lrava is feeding, vertical migration, negative photo toxic to resist predation and UV.

live in fresh water

Term
cirripedia
Definition

filter feed with wispy tentcles

barnacles

sappulina

 

Term
saculina
Definition

cirripedia

crustecea

arthropoda

arthropopoids

ecdyzoa

a parasite that lives in a crab stomach

steal ebergy for genitals for own growth

starts as a napulus larva --> cyprid larva --> attach to crab

 

Term
copopods
Definition

copepoda "oar footed plankton"

vertcal migration

responsible for deep scattering layer

oceans primary consumers

look like dinoflagellate

Term
pill and sow bugs
Definition

isopodia =same legs

crustacea

arthropodia

arthpopoids

ecdyzoa

only terristrial isopods

 

Term
Amphipodia
Definition

2 leg types

amphipodia

crustecea

arthropoda arthpopoids ecdyzoa

 

Term
skelton shrimp
Definition

caprellids

amphipods

crustecea

arhtropods

arthpopoids

ecdyzoa

small, look like praying mantis

raptorial appendeges

Term
whale lice
Definition

live on whale blubber with barnacles

amphipodia

 crustecea

arthropoda

arthpopoids

ecdyzoa

Term
crabs, lobsters, shrimp
Definition

decpoda

crustacea

arhtropoda

10 feet, including pincers

not equal segmentslong

long tail, in crabs its tucked under for brooding

 

Term
krill
Definition

decapoda

crustecea

arthropoda

larger eyes than sand flea (white speciman)

eaten by blue whales

Term
sand flea
Definition

hopping legs gray speciman, little smaller thn krill but has much smaller eyes

latterally compressed

amphipodia

crustecea

arthropoda

Term
Priapulans
Definition

related clade to arthropopoids

looks like a penis

looks like a penut worm without the asshole

Term
myripoda
Definition

this clade includes centipeds and millipeds

myripoda

arthropoda

arthropopoids

ecdyzoa

Term

centipeds

 

Definition

long legs

one pair per segment

long for running, they are predators

powerful bite

front legs evolved into fangs

 

Term
millipeds
Definition

herbavoirs

short legs

look like long pillbugs

dont need long legs for hunting 

2 pair of legs per segment

roll into a ball if disturbed

myripoda

arthopoda

arthropopoida

ecdyzoa

Term
Incomplete metamorphosis
Definition

when flight eveolved metamorphisis was begging to be seen

juviniles looked like adults but lacked genitals and bore wings that developed into wings

odonta

orthoptera

isoptera

Term
complete metamorphisis
Definition

soft bodied larvea

intermediate pupal stage

hard bodied adult

change from one niche to another

(jh) supresses adult structures

coleoptera

diptera

leipoptera

hymenoptera

Term
beetles
Definition

coleoptera

hexapoda

arthropoda

2 pairs of wings but second pair hardened into a hard cvering called elytra, protect wings from damage

complete

Term
flies
Definition

dipterans

hexapoda

arthropoda

one pair of wings, one pair of halteres (aid in balance)

some flies mimic bees: bees look hairy and have noticable antena

complete meta

Term
bott fly
Definition

diptera

hexapoda

arthropoda

carried on stealth mosquitos

larva bore into skin for a home

complete meta

Term
mosquitos
Definition

diptera

hexapoda

arthropoda

related to flies

use halteres for balance

i pr wings, 1 pr halteres

sexual dimorphism:

males drink nector

females drink blood for protein to build eggs

complete meta

Term
butterflies
Definition

lepidopterans

hexapoda

arthropoda

clubbed anttena

butterfly scales homolougs with fly bristles

complete meta

Term
mullerian
Definition

two toxic spp, reinforce toxicity of eachother by having same color patteren. reinforce eachother toxic signals by converging on same color pattern.

dirunal

use visual cues to find nector

 

Term
heteropterans
Definition

2 sub clades

homoptera: plant insects

hemipterans : true bugs sucking mouth parts

no meta

Term
true bugs
Definition

1/2 wing, 1/2 hard

look like bettle but have feathery or wing like ends.

wing extends further than body

some look like beetle back patterns

hemi (1/2)

no metamorphisis

hemiopterans

heteropterans

hexapoda

arthropoda

Term
homopterans
Definition

look like a large fly but has two wings

no metamorphisis

Term
bees, ants, wasps
Definition

hymen-squeezed mid section

complete

 

Term
termites
Definition

isopterans

hexapoda

arthropoda

social workers

consume cellulose that is digested by flagellated protozoans

had white bodies

Term
moths
Definition

leuidoptera

hexapoda

arthropoda

feathery antena

nocturnal

incomplete meta

use chemoreception for nector sence

Term

dragonfly, damsel

 

Definition

odonates

hexapoda

arthropoda

incomplete meta

best compund eyes

Term
velvet worm
Definition

look like polycheate

blue

claw bearing

onycophora

arthropopoids

ecdyzoa

sister taxa of arthropods

Term
praying mantis
Definition

orthopterans

hexapoda

arthropoda

rub body parts

Term
grasshoppers and crickets
Definition

rub body parts for sounds of mates

sound precieved thru paired tympanic membranes on legs or abdomen

six legs

orthropoda

hexapoda

arthropoda

Term
echinoderms
Definition

5 PART SYMEMTERY

water vascular system

enclosed by caco3 plates or ossles

use vascular system for movement and feeding

move with tube feet

intake water thru madreopite and move it thru ampullea to move tube feet

=spiny skin

Term
sea stars
Definition

asteroideans

extend stomach to feed=external digestion

feed on bivlaves by squeezing in

extentions of stomach called pyloric cecea found on each arm

Term
brittle stars
Definition

ophiuroideans

echinodermata

deutersomes

round body, looong arms

segmented arms

respire thru bursal slits on underbody

gonad slit exsit here too

Term
basket star
Definition

splitting and branching of the arms

ophiuriodeans

echinodermata

deutersomes

Term
sea cucumber
Definition

polycheate looking, BUT no segments

peanut(sipiucla) looking, BUT no butthole

end have 5 part symetry

spiny highly reduced --> osselces (inside)

clear on slide, like glass

tube feet for filter or deposit feeding

 

Term
urchins and sand dollars
Definition

echinodeans

echinodermata

deutersomes

chew with aristoles lantern

5 part symetery on tests

sand dollars: filter feed with tube feet, and move with reduced spines, chew with lanterns

urchins: move with tubefeet, chew with lantern, spines with rpotection

Term
sea lillies and feather stars
Definition

feather star...no speciman

sea lillies  . stalked fossils

white feathery spaghetti looking

 

Term
salps
Definition

planktonic

free swimming

jellie looking, transparent

big spot looks like a stomach

have a pair of palps for tactile assesment of food coming in

night feeders

urochordates

chordata

deutersomes

Term
tunicates
Definition

sessile urochordates

filter feed with pharangyl slits and use an incurrent and outcurrent syphon

sea squirts look fre floating

most have obvious attachment place

larva loses notochord once it becomes sessile

Term
acorn worm
Definition

hemichordata

chordata

deutersomes

ecginoderms and chordate affinites

Term
lancelets
Definition

segemented muslces, slitted

small billed fish

sand dewlling filter feeder

cephlachordata

chordata

deutersomes

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