Term
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Definition
Tx: Also for Parasites
Anaerobic Protozoa: Entamoeba, Giardia, Trichomonas |
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Term
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Definition
Tx: Malaria prophylaxis + tx
Erythrocytic forms of Plamodium
Ax: Infected RBCs - 100x uptake
Drug binds toxic heme in parasite foor vacule
Inhibits heme polymerization to harmless hemozion
SE: NOT for epileptics, Myasthenia Gravis,
or psoriasis pts
Hemolysis in G6PD deficiency
Ms: Safest Quinolone, oral, Met: liver P450
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Term
Quinine
Quinine Gluconate
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Definition
Tx: Malaria Prophylaxis + Tx
Erythrocitic Plasmodium
Effective for chloroquine resistant strains
more toxic/less effective→combo therapies
Ax: Same as chloroquine
SE: cinchonism, ↓BG&BP, NOT for epileptic, MG, optic neuritis, or tinnitus pts, hemolysis in G6PD
Ms: Quinine gluconate - Cardiotoxic (prolong QT int.) |
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Term
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Definition
Tx: Malaria Prophylaxis + tx
Alternative tx for Toxoplasma (protozoa) and pneumocystis
Ax: atovaquone- inhibits malarial mitoch (cytoch. bc1)
proguanil- helps ↓mitoch mem potential, DHFR inhibitor
SE: generally well tolerated, little reported resistance, NOT for severe renal problems
Met: minimal metab→excretion in bile and feces
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Term
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Definition
Tx: Eradicates Malaria liver hypnozoites
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Term
Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine |
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Definition
Tx: Toxoplasma gondii (does not elimin. encysted form)
Antimalarial, and antibacterial
Ax: antifolate - inhibits DHPS + DHFR
Blocks production of THF
SE: Sulfa allergies, BM suppression, Pyrimethamine = teratogen
Ms: suppliment with folinic acid |
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Term
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Definition
Tx: Kinetoplastid Protozoa (Leishmaniasis or visceral/kala azar)
Ax: unclear, may interfere with unique
bud antioxidant system
SE: pain at injection site, widespread resisit.
Ms: most excreted in urine within 24hrs |
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Term
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Definition
Tx: Chagas (T. cruzi)
2nd stage African sleeping sickness (T. brucei)
Ax: Metabolized to free radicals
SE: hypersensitivity: rash, fever, anaphylaxis
Ms: rapid meta. into uknow metabolites→urine |
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Term
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Definition
Tx: Hemolymphatic stage of African sleeping sickness (T. brucei)
Ax: Unknown
SE: malaise, fatigue, nausea, headache
Ms: slow IV infusion, tighly bound to protien, not meta. renal excretion
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Term
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Definition
Tx: Chronic stage of African sleeping sickness
Ax: "Arsenic in Antifreeze"
SE: Kills 10% of pts
Resistance spreading
Only use if you have no other option! |
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Term
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Definition
Tx: Tx of Helminthes - Nematodes (roundworms)
Ax: selective for worm β-tubulin,
inhibits mocrotubule polymerization
"mitotic spindle poison"
SE: Generally well tolerated
Ms: oral (poor absorb. great for gut worms)
excreted in bile
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Term
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Definition
Tx: Nematodes (esp Ascaris, hookworms, pinworms), alternative to mebendazole
Ax: Neuromuscular blocker, worm spastic paralysis
SE: well tolerated
Ms: oral, poor absorbtion, mostly fecal excretion
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Term
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Definition
Tx: Nematodes (esp Filariae causing onchocerciasis→river blindness)
Ax: kills larvae only, activated invertebrate glutamate-gated Cl- channel, worm paralysis
SE: well tolerated, NOT for impaired BBB (can acted on mammal GABA receptors in brain)
Ms: oral, one dose / year
concentrates in liver/fat
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Term
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Definition
Tx: flatworms (schistosomes)
cestodes (tapeworms)
Ax: worm spastic paralysis, damages worm tegment (coating)→exposes more Antigens for immune system
SE: generally well tolerated,
Not for ocular cysticercosis→host respones causes eye damage (do surgery instead of drug)
Ms: oral, extensive 1st pass effect,
↓F with P450 inducers, most excreted in urine |
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