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ACS BOK 1 - Animals and Milk
About Cows, Sheep, Goat, Buffalos and Other Animals
62
Culinary Art
Professional
07/01/2013

Additional Culinary Art Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
On average, how many lambs are born per lambing?
Definition
1 to 3
Term
What are some attributes of the Friesian sheep?
Definition

High output - highest producing dairy sheep

 

Very fatty - 6 to 7% milk fat

Protein - 5.9%

 

Long lactation cycle - 7 to 8 months (220-240 days)

Milk is pure white in color.

Smallest fat globules.

Soft curd.

Term
Name some differences between goat and cow's milk.
Definition

Goat milk is 10% lower in lactose.

 

Goat milk has twice the 

medium chains of fatty acids.

Term
Which milking, morning or evening, has a higher fat content?
Definition
Morning.
Term
Which has higher fat content, late fall or summer milk?
Definition

Late fall and winter milks have a higher

fat content than summer milk.

Term
What is "tired milk"?
Definition

The fall milk from cows that have returned from their

spring and summer trip in the lpine mountains and valleys.

Term
When do sheep naturally breed?
Definition
August to December.
Term
What are some attributes of the Dorset sheep?
Definition

High output.

 

Rich milk.

 

Breed out of season.

Term
On average, what is the composition of sheep's milk?
Definition

Water - 83.5%

Dry Matter - 18.4%

Fat - 7.2%

Proteins (Casein) - 5.8%

Glucids (Lactose) - 4.8%

Salt and Minerals - .97%

Term
What animal has the highest protein content in its milk?
Definition
Sheep.
Term
What are some of the attributes of the Nubian goat?
Definition

Tolerates hot climate.

 

Fatty milk.

 

Low Production.

Term
What are some attributes of the Ayshire cow?
Definition

High protein.

 

Small fat globules.

 

Good output.

Term
What breed of sheep is used to make Roncal?
Definition
Laxta
Term
What breed of sheep is used to make Manchego?
Definition
Manchega
Term
How many udders does a sheep have?
Definition
1
Term
How many udders does a cow have?
Definition
2
Term
How many udders does a goat have?
Definition
1
Term
As recognized by the American Dairy Goat Association (ADGA), which breed of goat produces milk with the highest fat content?
Definition
Nubian
Term
On average how much does a 700 kilo/ 1500 pound dairy cow eat & drink in a day?
Definition
175 pounds of feed and 25 gallons of water
Term
What is the average # of lactations for a US dairy cow?
Definition
About 3.
Term
What is the life span of the average US dairy cow?
Definition
6 years
Term
What breed of goat produces the most milk?
Definition
Saanen
Term
List cow breed by milk fat content
Definition

- Jersey -

Gernsy -

Ayshire -

Brown Swiss -

Holstein

Term
What do female mammals have to do to produce milk?
Definition
Breed.
Term
To produce 1 gallon of milk,how many gallons of blood must circulate in the mammary gland?
Definition
528
Term
What is the average yield of milk per day for a cow?
Definition
25 liters/ 6.6 gallons
Term
What is the average milk yield per day for a dairy goat?
Definition
3 liters/ 6 pints
Term
What is the average milk yield per day of the dairy sheep?
Definition
1.5 liters/ 3 pints
Term
On average how much does a 50 kilo/ 110 pound dairy goat eat & drink in a day?
Definition

eats 7 pounds of food

drinks 2 gallons of water

produces 6 pints of milk

 

 

Term
On average how much does a 50 kilo/ 110 pound dairy sheep eat & drink in a day?
Definition

eat 3 pounds of fooe

drink 1.5 gallons of water

produce 3 pints of milk

Term
Of Buffalo, Sheep, Goat and Cow, which milk has highest protein content?
Definition
Buffalo is highest and sheep is number two in protein content.
Term
Which breed of cow produces the most milk per milking?
Definition
Holstein
Term
Where is the rennet found in a ruminant animal?
Definition
The fourth stomach aka the abomasum
Term
Why did Jasper Hill Farm choose Ayrshire cows?
Definition
Their fat globules are smaller and the milk is less prone to rancidity.
Term
Which breed of cow has the highest milk fat content?
Definition
Jersey
Term
Montbeliard and French Simmental cows milk must be used to make what cheese?
Definition

Comte

95% montebeliard

5% French Simmental

Term
Holstein attributes.
Definition

Butterfat 3.5%

Protein 3.2%

Lactation - 305 day average

Term
Brown Swiss attributes.
Definition

Butterfat - 4%

Protein 3.5%

305 days lactation cycle

More lactation cycles than other breeds - 1.5 X more

 

Term
Ayrshire attributes.
Definition

Butterfat - 4%

Protein - 3.5%

Smallest fat globules of cow breeds

Term
Guernsey attributes.
Definition

Butterfat - 5%

Protein - 3.8%

From Great Britain

High in Beta Carotene

Yellow hue to milk and cheese

Term
Jersey Attributes
Definition

Highest butterfat of dairy cows - 6%

Protein also highest - 4%

Largest fat globules.

 

Term
Dutch Belt attributes.
Definition

High butterfat - 5.5%

High quality milk similar to Jersey

Long life span.

Rare breed.

Term
Nubian goat attributes.
Definition

Highest butterfat of goats - 4%

Protein - 4.2%

10 month lactation cycle

 

Term
La Mancha goat attributes.
Definition

Butterfat - 3.2%

Protein - 3.6%

 

Term
Sannen goat attributes.
Definition

Butterfat - 2.6%

Protein - 3.4%

Highest Milk Production in Gallons of goat breeds

Considered the Holstein of goats

 

Term
Alpine goat attributes.
Definition

Butterfat - 2.8%

Protein - 3.3%

 

Term
Lacuane Sheep attributes
Definition

Breed used for Roquefort cheese.

Herd well and easily. Remain healthy in herds.

High fat and high protein.

Fresh milk unavailable October to February.

Term
Manchega Sheep attributes.
Definition

Used to make Manchego cheese.

Low milk production.

Very seasonal.

Lactation period is primarily April, May and June only.

Total absence of carotene.

 

Term
Laxta Sheep attributes
Definition

Low milk production

Lactation period is 5 months/120-150 days

Very seasonal.

Unpasteurized milk used to make Idiazabal and Roncal cheese (DO cheeses)

 

Term
Buffalo attributes
Definition

Butterfat - 8%

Protein - 4.5%

Lactation period - 230-300 days

Higher in Calcium/lower in cholestrol.

PDO is Mozzarella di Bufala

Term
Milk production per pound vs. per pound of animal's weight.
Definition

Cow: 15 pounds of milk per pound of weight.

Goats: 13.85

Sheep: 2.78

Buffalo: 3.07

Term
How are pathogens formed and introduced into food?
Definition

Bacterial

Yeast

Mold contaminants

Viruses

Bacteriophages (Phages)

Gas formers

Non-starter lactic acid bacteria

Animals

Environment

Human

Term
Name the Big 3 pathogens
Definition

E. coli

Salmonella

Listeria

Term
Besides the big 3, what are other common pathogens.
Definition

Camphylobacter

Staphylococcus

Clostridium (indicator of poor sanitation)

Coliforms (also indicator of poor sanitation)

Term
Campylobacter
Definition
Pathogen found in the animal feces and transmitted by feces on teats.
Term
E. Coli
Definition

Escherichia coli.

Found in the guts of ruminant animals.

Grain caused cattle tummy to be a better home for e. coli

Associated with variety of food products including dairy.

Term
Listeria
Definition

Very hardy

Incubation up to 70 days

Found in environment: soil, water and some animals like poultry and cattle.

Is psychrotrophic (can survive in low temperatures equal to or less than 35f).

Also can tolerate high levels of acidity.

Term
Which pathogen concerns doctors regarding pregnant women eating raw food/cheese?
Definition
Listeria, because it causes listeria.
Term
Salmonella
Definition

Most common hazard in cheese.

Zoonotic - transferred between humans and non humans.

Acid sensitive; therefore stomach acid will kill small doses.

50% of raw chicken in US has some salmonella.

 

Term
Staphylococcus aureus
Definition

Found in respiratory tract and on skin.

20% of people are carriers of staph in their nasal passage.

Has the ability to produce potent protein toxins.

Term
Clostridium tyrobutyricum
Definition

Bacteria present in feed, water or bedding that can contaminate milk.

Bacteria produces butyric acid during fermentation which causes "late-blowing" defect in cheese: eyes, slits, cracks.

Can also cause abnormal flavor in cheese which causes spoilage.

Term
Coliforms
Definition

Present in feces of animals and also in soil, water and vegetation.

Indication of poor sanitation procedures.

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