Term
mass extinctions..
were most of them a series of events or a sudden event? |
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Definition
| a sharp decline in species diversity; most were a series of events. |
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Term
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Definition
| following a major changing event like a meteor, the surviving organisms fill the niches of the previous organisms, rapidly evolve and diversify |
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Term
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Definition
| multicellular, eukaryotes, heterotrophs |
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Term
| characteristics of animals |
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Definition
1)eat their food
2)mobile
3)blastula movement, germ layers
4)reproduce sexually |
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Term
| when did animals come to the planet? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many species are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| most animals are vertebrates or invertebrates? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many are vertebrates (not invertebrates)? |
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Definition
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Term
| what percentage of vertebrates are mammals? what number is this? |
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Definition
| 12% of vertebrates are mammals ...about 5500 |
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Term
| where do most animals live? |
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Definition
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Term
| the organization of tissue for animals have what two categories? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| do eumetazoa have true tissues? are they multicellular? |
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Definition
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Term
| what 3 body symmetry categories are there? |
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Definition
| asymmetrical, raial, bilateral |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| symmetry, plane divides into mirror images |
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Term
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Definition
| only one plane- mirror images |
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Term
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Definition
| anterior (head) posterior (tail) |
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Term
| classification of animals is based on what 6 things? |
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Definition
| organization, body symmetry, cephalization, segmentation, body cavity, embryo type |
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Term
| protostomes are what embryo type? |
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Definition
| arthropods, all worms, mollusks, etc. |
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Term
| what is the deuterostome embryo type? |
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Definition
| echinoderms and chordates only |
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Term
| are sponges parazoan or eumetazoan? |
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Definition
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Term
| why are sponges the simplest animals? |
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Definition
| they have no tissue, symmetry, organs |
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Term
| why does segmentation in animals offer gene flexibility? |
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Definition
| because a small change in gene expression in an existing segment can produce a new segment with a different function |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| body cavity between endoderm and mesoderm |
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Term
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Definition
| have true body cavity entirely within mesoderm, allowing for movement,circulation, organ function |
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Term
| over 66% of all animals are named |
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Definition
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Term
| what percentage of arthropods are insects? |
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Definition
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Term
| what percentage of insects are beetles? |
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Definition
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Term
| what were supposedly the first land animals? |
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Definition
| millipedes and centipedes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| digestive tract and derived organs |
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Term
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Definition
| muscles, reproductive system |
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Term
| how do protostomes develop? |
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Definition
| first indentation develops into mouth, gut along back |
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Term
| how do deuterostomes form? |
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Definition
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Term
| in what type of embryo does the cellular commitment occur later in? |
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Definition
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Term
| what were the 1st land VERTEBRATES? |
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Definition
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Term
| what 3 classes have amniotic egg? what kind of membrane is amnion? |
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Definition
| reptiles, birds, mammals; water-tight |
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Term
| what are 3 characteristics of reptiles? how do they help them? |
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Definition
| amniotic egg, dry skin (prevents dehydration), thoracic breathing (increases lung capacity) |
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Term
| who were the last to evolve from the dinosaurs? what kind of bones do they have? |
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Definition
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Term
| are mammals endothermic or exothermic? |
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Definition
| endothermic; efficient blood/breathing |
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Term
| what 4 things do you need to be in the chordata phylum? |
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Definition
| muscular post anal tail, nerve cord, stiff notocord, pharyngeal slits behind mouth |
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Term
| what 2 things do you need to be in the subphylum vertebrata? what does one of them replace? |
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Definition
| cranium and backbone. backbone replaces the stiff notocord in adults |
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Term
| early amphibians did what? |
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Definition
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Term
| tetrapods have how many pairs of limbs? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| amphibians, birds, reptiles, mammals |
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Term
| what is the name for the bird class? |
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Definition
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Term
| are birds endo or exothermic? |
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Definition
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Term
| birds have ___ and ____ skeleton (___ bones) |
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Definition
| feathers, flight skeleton; thin and hollow bones |
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Term
| birds have ___ and ____ skeleton (___ bones) |
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Definition
| feathers, flight skeleton; thin and hollow bones |
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Term
| what are two unique mammalian characteristics? |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ MYA we became bipedal |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what 3 things have led to the accelerate growth of the human population? |
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Definition
| mechanized farming, medicine, and industrial revolution |
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Term
| we are changing the world so quickly that many species cannot __ |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 4 kingdoms in our eukarya domain? |
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Definition
| plants, animals, fungi, protists |
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Term
| do all, most, or some of the members in our kingdom have a backbone? |
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Definition
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Term
| are all, most, some, or none of the members in the eukarya kingdom MOTILE? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the phylum we are in? |
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Definition
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Term
| what characteristic does the hominds family share? (different than monkeys) |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 5 evolutionary forces that can alter the allele frequencies of a population? |
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Definition
| mutation, NONRANDOM mating, gene flow, natural selection, genetic drift |
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Term
| what is the order for adaptations in the four modern plant groups? |
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Definition
| cuticles, vascular tissue, seeds, flowers |
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Term
| ferns (and relatives) is what adaptation? |
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Definition
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Term
| bryophyes (and mosses) is what adaptation? |
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Definition
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Term
| flowers is also what plant group? |
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Definition
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Term
| gymnosperms is what adaptation? |
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Definition
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Term
| rank the relative abundance of insects, animals, vertebrates, arthropods, organisms, mammals from the highest to the lowest number of known species |
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Definition
| organisms, animals, arthropods, insects, vertebrates, mammals |
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Term
| what 3 main reasons helped bacteria evolve much faster than eukaryotes? |
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Definition
| 1) huge population with lots of genetic diversity 2) horizontal gene transfer 3)fast reproductive time |
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Term
| rank these six changes in embryological dev. of the animal body in evolutionary order: exoskeleton/endoskeleton, no tissues/tissues, no body cavity/body cavity, pseudocoelom/true coelom, radial symmetry/bilateral symmetry, single cells/multicellular (1=first) |
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Definition
| multicellular, tissues, bilateral symmetry, body cavity, true coelom, endoskeleton |
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Term
| which adaptation appeared first for the commmon ancestor of mammals, birds, and modern reptiles? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are some characteristics of birds and modern reptiles? |
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Definition
| amniotic eggs, backbone, scales made of keratin, gill structures in embryo |
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Term
| what % of meds originally come from plants? |
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Definition
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Term
| what 3 things were necessary for origin of life on Earth? |
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Definition
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Term
| we are related to sea stars (echinoderms) closest because? |
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Definition
| we are both duertostomes- our embryos develop the same |
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Term
| when two organisms can produce viable fertile offspring, they are members of the same what? |
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Definition
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Term
| a new species can arise in a single generation if |
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Definition
| there is a change in the chromosomal number, or gene order creates a reproductive barrier |
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Term
| a healthy population has what 4 things? |
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Definition
| a lot of organisms, genetic variation, phenotypic variation, and new alleles introduced via migration |
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Term
| if the population is small, is there h-w equilibrium? |
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Definition
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Term
| if there is nonrandom mating, is there h-w equilibrium? |
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Definition
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Term
| does a plant get carbon from the soil? |
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Definition
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Term
| what 3 elements does a plant get from the soil? |
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Definition
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Term
| is natural selection a random process? |
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Definition
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Term
| is mutation a random process? |
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Definition
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Term
| do echinoderms have an endoskeleton or an exoskeleton? |
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Definition
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