Term
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Definition
| the study of how gene and genotypic frequencies change, and thus change generic merit in a population. |
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Definition
| how often a certain gene appears in a population |
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Definition
| the proportion of individuals that express a phenotype |
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Definition
| changes in the chemical composition of a gene. "gene malfunction" |
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Definition
| a change in gene frequency of a small breeding population owing to chance. shift toward majority of genes in a population. |
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Definition
| selection based on factors that favor individuals better suited to live in a given environment. Evolutionary. |
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Definition
| choosing the animals in a population that will be allowed to reproduce. |
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Definition
| a measure of the proportion of the phenotypic variation that is due to additive gene effects. How much change you can make in a population through artificial selection. |
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Definition
| the improvement or detriment to the offspring of a mating with respect to quantifiable traits. |
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Term
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Definition
| length of time between generations |
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Definition
| non numeric traits. Subjective. Difficult to measure. |
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Definition
| numeric traits. Objective. |
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Definition
| 30-40%. Most genetic progress per mating. |
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Term
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Definition
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| Reproductive heritability |
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Definition
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Definition
| Mating two individuals that are closely related. Increases the number of homozygous gene pairs that are additive in a population. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mating two individuals that are not related.Heterozygousity. Offspring often outperform parents. |
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Term
Amount of shared genetic material in..
Fullsibs
Halfsibs
Parent/Offspring
GGGrandparent
Cousin |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| mating of individuals that share a common ancestor - not half or full siblings. Keeps good traits and avoids bad alleles. |
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Term
| Expected Progeny Difference |
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Definition
| Predictor of how offspring will perform. Always a comparison within a specific breed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Deoxyribonucleic acid. complex molecule composed of nucleotides joined together with phosphate sugars. |
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Term
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Definition
| contained within cell nuclei. contain DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| a short segment of a chromosome that contains the info to direct all biochemical processes of the cell. segments of DNA that code for a specific protein. |
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Term
| Deoxyribose sugars and phosphate bonds |
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Definition
| makes up alternating strands of DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nitrogen bases. Adenine and Guanine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nitrogen bases. Thymine and Cytosine. |
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Term
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Definition
| the segment of deoxyribose, phosphate, and one of the bases. building block of nucleic acids. |
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Term
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Definition
| entire genetic makeup of an animal. all genes necessary to specify characteristics of any organism. |
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Definition
| the compilation of all the genes an organism carries. |
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Definition
| the physical characteristics of any organism. |
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Term
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Definition
| various forms of a gene. one or two alternative forms of a gene occupying corresponding sites on homologous chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| chromosomes with the same size and shape that occur in pairs and affect the same traits. |
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Term
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Definition
| sperm/egg cells. contain a single allele for each gene. haploid. |
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Term
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Definition
| matching alleles on a chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| different alleles on a chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| cells that are not sex cells. contain autosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| all chromosomes other than sex chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| cells that contain both sets of chromosomes from mother and father. somatic cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| cells that contain only one set of chromosomes. sex cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| alleles separate so that only one is found in any particular gamete. When an organism produces gametes, only one allele is passed on. |
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Term
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Definition
| when an organism has two different alleles on a chromosome for a given trait, the allele that is expressed and overshadows the other is the one that is considered dominant. |
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Term
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Definition
| both alleles are expressed in the phenotype when present in a heterozygous state. |
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Term
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Definition
| no dominance exists, both alleles are expressed in a way different from either homozygous condition. |
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Term
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Definition
| When traits are inherited on the Y or X chromosome and thus only inherited when that respective chromosome is passed on. When genotypes are expressed differently depending on sex. |
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Term
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Definition
| when a gene has three or more alleles that control it. |
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Term
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Definition
| the inheritance of one gene is influenced by the presence of another. |
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Term
| Law of Independent assortment |
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Definition
| separate genes for separate traits are passed down independently from one another from parent to offspring. traits are inherited independently of one another. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hybrid vigor. Offspring that include enhanced traits due to mixing genetic contributions from parents. |
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Term
| Major concerns for managing goats in the south? |
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Definition
| parasites found in dew or water droplets on forage. |
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Term
| Major causes of diseases in goats? |
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Definition
Parasites: tapeworm, whipworm, hookworm, pinworm
Hoof rot. |
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Term
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Definition
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| How to prevent/lessen parasites in goats? |
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Definition
| move pasture/grazing lot frequently. Vaccinate. |
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Term
| Two bacteria that must be present to cause hoof rot in goats |
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Definition
| Dicholobacter Nodosus and Fusobacterium Necrophorum. |
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Term
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Definition
| Manipulate genetics. trimming and treating with coppertox. wear away hoofs on rocks, jungle gyms. |
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