Term
| Developmental Regulation (Hormonal Mechanisms) |
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Definition
| hormones are influencing development, irreversible effect |
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Term
| Primer Regulation (Hormonal Mechanisms) |
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Definition
| animal is being sensitized (animals in spring smell pheromones), reversible effect, seasonal |
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Term
| Releaser Regulation (Hormonal Mechanisms) |
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Definition
| driving behavior directly turn on hormones that produce those behaviors |
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Term
| NOCTOID MOTH EARS (Neural Organization) A1 RECEPTOR NEURONS |
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Definition
-sensitive to low intensity sounds
-fires faster and with shorter intervals as intensity increases
-more responsive to pulses than uninterrupted sound
-does not show any differential response to frequency
-responds to bat cries at 100 feet
-response frequency varies with intensity to indicate distance
-binaural cues signal right or left
-sound shadows from wings signal above or below
-when distant bat is detected, moth turns away from the side most stimulated |
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Term
| NOCTOID MOTH EARS (Neural Organization) A2 RECEPTOR CELLS |
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Definition
-only responds to loud noises
-does not show any differential response to frequency
-when bat is close, moth takes violent evasive action, possibly by A2 activity inhibiting wing muscle coordination |
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Term
| MOTH (stimulus filtering) |
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Definition
-minimal physilogical backup
-filtering improves detection of important input |
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Term
| INVERTEBRATE (stimulus filtering) |
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Definition
-female canaries have part in brain that recognizes song
-bats have sensors very sensitive to low intensity followed by high intensity
-mustache bat: responds only if voice echo time range is getting shorter. some neurons only respond to particular intervals, lined up linearly on the bat |
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Term
| duck-billed platypus (selective reception) |
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Definition
| has sensors around the bill, can sense electrical fields of nervous systems |
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Term
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Definition
-rod and cone cells
-bees, butterflies, fish, lizards, songbirds can see UV rays |
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Term
| European Toad (visual systems) |
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Definition
-receptor cells
-bipolar cells
-ganglion cells
-axons on ganglion cells go to Optic Tectum and Thalamus
-toads dont see anything thats not moving
-in thalamus, there are cells sensitive to vertical stimulus
-in optic tectum, cells are sensitive to long thing objects moving horizontally |
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Term
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Definition
-cat vision
-put patterns on cat retinas
-found specialized brain cells detecting edges (light on 1 side, dark on the other, vice versa) |
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Term
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Definition
-hear a range of frequencies
-best= cricket and bat calls
-activates neurons in motor systems to respond to bat
-raises leg = interrupts coordination
-interfere with wing opposite stimulation
-if cricket is on the ground, leg doesn't respond |
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Term
| Sea Slugs (motor control) |
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Definition
-turn away from chemical on tentacle of sea star
-chemical causes activation of swimming pattern
-continue to swim after stimulus is no long present (FAP) |
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Term
| Central Pattern Generators |
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Definition
-programmed to release a particular coordinated reaction
-drives motor system
-cats, camels, giraffes run 2 left then 2 right instead of alternate limb |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -animals that forage detect environmental features to find home |
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Term
| COMPASS SENSE (Navigation) |
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Definition
| -directional orientation and space |
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Term
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Definition
-sun position (pigeons, bees)
-celestial cues (pattern of stars/moon)(little blue birds imprint on north star)
-light polarization (makes a band in the sky)(ants, pigeons, songbirds) |
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Term
| MAGNETISM (compass sense) |
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Definition
-pigeons and bees
-used at night
-some mollusks have tongues covered in magnetic teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| -pigeons respond to smell coming from different wind directions to use to orient itself |
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Term
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Definition
| -pigeons sensitive to barometric pressure |
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Term
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Definition
-in birds, olfaction might have something to do with it
-tidal sounds |
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Term
| Carnivorous Marine Mollusk/Slug (coordinating behavior) |
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Definition
-swimming escape has priority over feeding
-feeding over righting response
-feeding over mating
-after egg laying, hormones lower feeding tendency to keep slug from eating eggs
-head withdrawal to touch is lowest priority and occurs when satiated, but not when eating |
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Term
| Toads (inhibitory systems) |
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Definition
-if you activate predator and prey systems simultaneously thalamus blank out worm sensing cells
-strength of inhibition is determined by how far away predator is |
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Term
| Praying Mantis (inhibitory systems) |
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Definition
-walking/grasping behavior occur together
-if appropriate stimuli occur,subesophageal sends signals along the line and behavior occurs
-if first two are ruined, animal just sits there |
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Term
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Definition
-protocerebral ganglion
-subesophageal ganglion
-thorasit ganglion (series of these)
-segmental ganglia (control limb movement) |
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Term
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Definition
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