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Definition
| Substances released by cell that affects cell itself |
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| Substance released in blood stream that affects distant cells |
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| a mode of hormone action that requires the cell producing the effector to be in direct contact with the cell containing the appropriate receptor |
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| Chemical messages released from the organism |
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Definition
| IF you have a receptor for the message |
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| Secretory Vesicle release |
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Definition
| Synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Trasnferred to the Golgi complex, move to the surface inside a secretory vesicle,when reaching the plasma membrane, contents of vesicles are expelled using exocytosis |
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Definition
| Rapid expulsion of contents in a vesicle to do a tightly wound myosin complex. |
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Definition
1. Bind to cytoplasmic receptors, transferred to nucleus
2.Act directly on DNA of the cell to effect long-term changes |
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Definition
| Cannot penetrate plasma membrane by itself, needs to bind to a cell-surface receptor. Binding leads to 1 or more second messanges, which amplify signal and produce short term responses. |
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| Two ways out of the hypothalamus |
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Definition
1. Having axons project down to posture pituitary
2. Having the hypothalamus release hormones into a blood cell down to the anterior pituitary. |
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Term
| Female Reproductive cycle |
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Definition
| FSH triggers the production. When estrogen starts to rise because the follicle is getting bigger producing more estrogen. |
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Definition
| If you measure the tension that a single muscle cell can produce, the tension it can produce has a relationship to the shape of the muscle cell. Very short has no tension. Y-axis tension x-axis length. In muscle filaments you have thick filament heads and thin filaments where the heads bind too. All heads interact with actin so top of the curve. |
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Definition
1) Resting fiber, cross bridge not attached to actin
2)Cross bridge binds to actin
3) Power stroke causes filaments to slide
4) new ATP binds to myosing head, allowing it to release form actin.
5) ATP is hydrolyzed, causing cross bridge to return to its original orientation. |
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Term
| Excitation-contraction coupling |
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Definition
| Action potential causes action potential in muscle that goes down the t-tubule dihydopine, rehydrodine receptors calcium leaves the SR binds to troponin that moves tropomyosin out of the way bind pull release adp bind ATP release cut atp reset. Bind pull release reset. To relax, muscle re polarizes the calcium channels close and pumps calcium back into the SR. |
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Term
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Definition
3 ways to achieve it.
1)Creatine phosphate
2)ADP-ATP
3) Anerobic resperation, aerobic respiration. |
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Term
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Definition
| Aerobic, will burn up all the ATP and turn on aerobic respiration |
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Definition
| Will burn all the ATP, burn the phosphate, and go until it quits |
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Definition
Composed of all white muscle cells,
top of the length tension curve, large burst of power |
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Definition
| Has both red and white, however more red than white. Red used for constant swimming, white used for short burst of energy to escape predators or eat. |
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Definition
| Nothing but speed, contracts its swim blatter and focuses all the energy on speed. |
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Definition
| asyncrounous muscle, will contract more rapidly than neuron is firing. Get the speed by stretch activation, you will get the power bu the carapace popping inside and outside of the insect |
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Term
Circulation
Open vs closed |
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Definition
closed- High pressure, leafing to a rapid flow of blood. Disadvantage high pressure leads to higher chance of blowing.
Open system-low pressure delivery system |
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Term
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Definition
| normal action potential, Na+ will rush into cell depolarizing it, after peak it will start to fall, however Ca2+ will rush into the cell keeping the peak flat for as long as it can before K+ pulls it back down to rest |
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Term
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Definition
| Related to the function of arteries and veins, it means the amount of stretching that can happen under pressure. |
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Definition
| Have a very low compliance, dont stretch much, they act like a pressure reservoir. |
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Term
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Definition
| Very compliant, they are a volume reservoir. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to decrease the pressure, and do that by increasing surface area. |
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