Term
| the depolarization of the membrane is caused by... |
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Definition
| the opening of sodium gates which allows sodium to flow into the cell |
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Term
| the repolarization of the membrane is caused by |
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Definition
| the opening of the potassium gates allowing potassium to flow out of the cell |
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Term
| what are the 3 stages of the sodium channel? |
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Definition
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Term
| the peak of polarization occurs when |
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Definition
| the Na inactivation starts |
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Term
| time during which it is not possible to get another action potential |
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Definition
| absolute refractory period (gates open or inactive) |
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Term
| relative refractory period |
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Definition
| only a strong signal can start another AP, during after-hyperpolarization |
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Term
| where are the excitatory and inhibatory potentials summed to decide whether to fire? |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inversely proportional to speed, less resistance in larger axons |
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Term
| where are myelin sheaths interrupted? |
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Definition
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Term
| what causes exocytosis of synaptic vesicles? |
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Definition
| calcium entry caused by the depolarization |
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Term
| how do 2 elements inhibit postsynaptic potential? |
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Definition
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Term
| G protein coupled receptor |
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Definition
| metabotropic 2nd messenger signaling path, not as rapid, longer-lasting |
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Term
| carried by blood to target cell |
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Definition
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Term
| secreted by any nucleated cell in response to stimulus |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| acts on the same cell that released it |
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Term
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Definition
| g protein receptor activates Adenylyl catalyzes cyclic AMP (2nd messenger) |
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Term
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Definition
| support, blood-brain barrier, neurotrophic factors, involved in neurotrans, scavengers, nueral stem cells |
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Term
| what is the central nervous system |
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Definition
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Term
| fuction of astrocytes in blood-brain barrier: |
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Definition
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Term
| secretes cerebral spinal fluid |
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Definition
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Term
| helps maintain electrolytic balance and remove waste by brain |
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Definition
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Term
| where is cerebral spinal fuild in the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| where is cerebral spinal fluid in the spinal cord? |
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Definition
| by the arachnoid membrane, ____? |
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Term
| how is the spinal cord organized? |
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Definition
| grey matter, white matter, ventral root... |
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Term
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Definition
| unmyelinated sensory and motor nuclei |
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Term
| receives messages from brain and sends to muscles |
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Definition
| ventral side of the "root" spinal cord |
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Term
| sends messages to the CNS |
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Definition
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Term
| why is the spinal cord an integrating center? |
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Definition
| can do input and output without influence from brain |
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Term
| changes in pressure, acceleration, vibration, sound waves .... all felt by |
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Definition
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Term
| ph, oxygen levels, glucose |
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Definition
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Term
| thermoreceptors, photoreceptors |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a sensory receptor? |
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Definition
| a cell or a region of the membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| only habituate slowly, don't adapt |
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Term
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Definition
| rapidly adapt to a constant stimulus |
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Term
| difference btwn sensation and perception |
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Definition
| unconsious sensation, perceive perception |
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Term
| thalamus and hypothalamus = |
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Definition
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Term
| medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens if you beak brainstem? Spinal cord? |
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Definition
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Definition
| integration and processing in the cerebral cortex |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
frontal - motor
from primary somatic cortex back it's parietal, then back is occipital, ... more |
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Term
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Definition
| the are where neurons send the stim to take it to the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| when firing neurons inhibit others, lateral inhibition |
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Term
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Definition
| read spinal and brain stem, hold off on higher centers. |
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