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Animal Nervous System
N/A
21
Physiology
Undergraduate 4
10/27/2012

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Term
Nervous System
Definition
network of neurons
regulates muscle contraction and secretions
gathers info from environment
Term
neural circuit
Definition
stimuli --> sensory neurons --> interneurons in spinal cord --> motor neurons --> effector cells
Term
cerebral cortex
Definition
high sensory & motor functions
Term
hippocampus
Definition
learning and memory
Term
hypothalamus
Definition
homeostatic and endocrine regulations
Term
calliculus
Definition
visual and auditory integration
Term
cerebellum
Definition
motor coordination
Term
medulla
Definition
autonomic and respiratory control
Term
tract
Definition
bundle of myelinated axons in the CNS
Term
nerve
Definition
a bundle of neuron axons in the PNS
Term
ganglion
Definition
a grouping of nerve cells in the PNS
Term
glial cells
Definition
shwann/oligodendricites - form mylin sheath
astrocytes - metabolic support cells
microglial cells- immune function
Term
action potential
Definition
electrical signal generated by excitable cells due to voltage dependent changes in membrane permeabilities
triggered by depolarization
Term
synapse
Definition
contact between two neurons and their effector cells
Term
chemical synapses
Definition
predominant type
fast (ionotropic) or slow (metabotropic)
excitory or inhibitory
Term
neurotransmitter
Definition
present in synaptic terminal
released upon stimulation
may elicit a variety of synaptic responses
active for only a short period of time
Term
ionotropic synapses
Definition
directly alters membrane permeability
fast
excitory or inhibitory
ligand gated channels
no secondary messenger
Term
metabotropic synapses
Definition
produce a metabolic change in post synaptic cell
slow
excitory, inhibitory, or other effects
g couple protein receptors
secondary messenger
Term
ligand gated channels
Definition
ionotropic
on dendrites and cell body
Term
voltage gated channels
Definition
action potential generation
NT release
permeability dependent on membrane potential
Term
synaptic potentials
Definition
in ionotropic
inhibitory or excitory
change in post synaptic neurons resting membrane potential
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