Term
| schedule of reinforcement |
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Definition
| a rule that determines which occurrence of a response is followed by the reinforcer |
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Term
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Definition
| a reinforcement schedule in which reinforcement depends only on the number of responses the participant performs, irrespective of when those responses occur |
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Definition
| every time the participant makes a response, he is reinforced |
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Term
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Definition
| (FR) The participant needs to make X amount of responses in order to be reinforced (Making a phone call, in order to be reinforced, you have to dial a certain amount of numbers) |
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Definition
| the zero rate of responding after the reinforcement has occurred |
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Definition
| the high and steady rate of of responding that completes each ratio requirement |
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Definition
| disruption of responding due to a fixed ratio response requirement increases too rapidly |
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Definition
| Every X amount of responses are reinforced ON AVERAGE (real world example: playing a slot machine) |
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Definition
| responses are reinforced only if the responses are made after a certain amount of time |
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Definition
| (FI) a certain amount of time has to pass before it is reinforced. (Life example: waiting for your clothes to come out of the washer - no matter how many times you check your clothes it's still going to take a certain amount of time before they are clean) |
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Definition
| (VI) responses will be rewarded after an average amount of time (Checking the mail, doesn't always come at the same time every day) |
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Definition
| response rate will get higher around the time they are about to get reinforced |
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Term
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Definition
| a certain amount of time before a reinforcer is available, and then a certain amount of time to obtain this reinforcer |
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Term
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Definition
| the time in between one response to the next |
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Term
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Definition
| when an animal is given two keys in a skinner box - both keys are on a different schedule of reinforcement and the animal is free to chose which key to peck |
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Term
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Definition
| the rate of responding equals the relative rate of reinforcement (if the pigeon had a choice between the left and the right key and the right key produced 10 reinforcements and the left key produced 5 reinforcements, the matching law states that the pigeon will peck 10 times on the right and 5 times on the left) |
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Term
| concurrent chain schedule of reinforcement |
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Definition
| a complex reinforcement procedure in which the participant is permitted to choose during the first link which of several simple reinforcement schedules will be in effect in the second link. once a choice has been made, the rejected alternatives become available until the start of the next trial. |
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Term
| value discounting function |
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Definition
| the mathematical function that describes how reinforcer value decreases as a function of how long one has to wait for delivery of the reinforcer |
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Term
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Definition
V=Value of reward
M=reward magnitude
K=discounting rate
D=Delay
The longer the delay, the smaller the value. If D=0, the value of the reinforcer is directly related to the magnitudeb |
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Term
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Definition
| choosing a large delayed response over an immediate small reward |
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Term
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Definition
| (Thorndike) The stimulus is related to the situation (being hungry) and the instrumental response (task you perform) -- S-R is being hungry and then eating |
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Term
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Definition
| Reward expectancy- the subject learns to expect the reinforcer based on the S-R -- being hungry and eating causes not being hungry |
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Term
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Definition
Phase 1- lever pressing is reinforced with food
Phase 2- lever is removed, food is presented with tone
transfer test- lever is put back in, lever pressing should increase when lever is presented |
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Term
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Definition
Skinner- S is followed O only if R occurs
When S is presented, you think of R&O together - When you see food you associate eating with being full, together. |
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Term
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Definition
| S^D - response is followed by a reinforcer |
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Term
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Definition
| if the animal makes a response, it won't be followed with a reinforcer, |
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Term
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Definition
| reinforcers are effective because they reduce the subject's drive state and return the subject to the homeostatic level |
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Term
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Definition
| Rat is hungry, makes a response (lever presser), receive food and hunger is reduced (drive reduction theory) |
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Term
| Sheffield, Wolf, Baker - experiment |
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Definition
| rats allowed to run down maze and hump female rats but were not allowed to ejaculate. They completed the maze each time to get the the famales which proves that the act or behavior is more satisfying than the actual outcome (ejaculating) |
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Term
| consumatory response theory |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Given two behaviors - a high probability behavior and a low probability behavior, if asked to perform the low probability behavior in order to be able to do the high probability behavior, subjects are more likely to perform the low probability behavior. |
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Term
| physical dependence model |
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Definition
| When someone is addicted to a drug and they go off the drug, they become sick. To stop feeling sick they take the drug again. |
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Term
| NIDA's definition for addiciton |
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Definition
addiction is a state in which the organism engages in a compulsive behavior:
1) behavior is reinforcing
2) Loss of control of in limiting intake |
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Term
| incentive sensitization theory |
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Definition
| psychobiological theory of drug craiving |
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Term
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Definition
| Animal makes response (lever pressing), they are given cocaine- animal responds more (presses lever a lot); animal makes response, animal is given saline - animal responds less; Animal is given a little cocaine, responds a lot even though the animal is given saline. |
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Term
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Definition
| Self administering drugs are both aversive and rewarding, the short term effects are rewarding but the long term effects are aversive |
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Definition
| the application of economic principles to the understanding of opperant behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| the relationship to the price of a commodity, and how much is purchased - if the price of a commodity goes up, the purchase rate goes down. |
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Definition
| the degree to which price influences consumption |
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Definition
| the highest rate of responding before an animal stops responding |
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