Term
| What are the three approaches to disease management? |
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Definition
| Eradication, Prevention/Exclusion, Control |
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Term
| What is the purpose of disease eradication? |
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Definition
| The extinction of a species of infectious agent from a population |
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Term
| What are the methods of disease eradication? |
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Definition
- Selective Removal/Slaughter
- Depopulation (if inadequate screening test available)
- Mass Immunization |
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Term
| What are the methods of disease prevention? |
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Definition
- Excluding disease from a geographic area (i.e. at border crossing)
- Protect a given population within a geographic area |
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Term
| What are the methods of disease control? |
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Definition
- Quarantine (separating sick animals)
- Prophylactic Treatment
- Mass Immunization
- Environmental Control e.g. ventilation, cleanliness |
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Term
| What is the purpose of disease control? |
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Definition
To decrease the frequency of a disease that is already present in a population
- done by decreasing the causes of the disease to a level of little or no consequence |
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Term
| What is the purpose of disease prevention? |
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Definition
| To exclude disease from an unaffected population of animals |
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Term
| What is health management? |
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Definition
Promoting health and preventing disease, within the economic framework of the owner, while considering:
- animal welfare
- human safety
- environmental impact |
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Term
| Why is Health management referred to as a dynamic process? |
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Definition
| Because it is a constant, on-going process |
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Term
| What is the Health Management cycle? |
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Definition
- Decisions are made
- Plans are developed/implemented
- Outcomes are measured/evaluated |
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Term
| What are the major principles of health management? |
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Definition
- Promoting optimal health
- Accommodating Economic realities
- Promoting Animal welfare
- Promoting human and food safety
- Considering environmental impact |
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Term
| What are the five criteria to setting a SMART goal? |
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Definition
| Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Results oriented, Time framed |
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Term
| What is the sensitivity of a test? |
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Definition
| The proportion of truly diseased individuals that actually tested positive. |
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Term
| What is the specificity of a test? |
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Definition
| The proportion of truly disease-free individuals that test negative |
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Term
| If the sensitivity of a test is high, there will be fewer false ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| If the specificity of a test is high, there will be fewer false _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What will happen if the sensitivity of a test is poor? |
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Definition
| The test will miss finding diseased animals |
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Term
| What will happen if the specificity of a test is low? |
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Definition
| The test will call healthy animals diseased |
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Term
| What is the positive predictive value of a test? |
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Definition
| The proportion of individuals that tested positive, that actually have the disease |
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Term
| What is the negative predictive value of a test? |
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Definition
| The proportion of individuals that tested negative, that are truly disease-free |
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Term
| Is it better to have a good specificity and bad sensitivity? Or vice-versa? |
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Definition
it's better to have a good sensitivity, and a poor specificity, b/c if too many individuals are said to be D+, it is something that we can deal with later
- better to treat too many, than not enough |
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Term
| What are the two types of tests? |
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Definition
Diagnostic (applied to unhealthy animals to confirm/classify disease)
Screening (applied to healthy animals, usually before clinical disease evident) |
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Term
| What factors affect the predictive value of a test? |
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Definition
test sensitivity
test specificity
prevalence of the disease in the population |
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Term
Which is better to have, good specificity but bad sensitivity OR
good sensitivity and bad specificity |
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Definition
| good sensitivity and bad specificity |
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Term
| What is a screening test? Which should be optimized, sensitivity or specificity? |
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Definition
a test applied to healthy animals, usually before clinical signs are displayed
sensitivity should be optimized |
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Term
| What is a diagnostic test? Which should be optimized, sensitivity or specificity? |
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Definition
a test applied to abnormal or unhealthy animals to confirm or classify a disease
specificity should be optimized |
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Term
| What are the requirements for mass immunization to be an effective method of disease eradication? |
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Definition
-vaccine must be 100% effective in preventing infection
-vaccinated animals must not be able to be come carriers
-must be able to distinguish vaccinated animals from carriers |
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