Term
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Definition
Pattern of distribution of organisms.
Questions: Why does an animal exist where it does?(i.e. Tortise on galapagos islands not not catalina?)
-Distribution of animals WITH human influence. |
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Definition
| Study of interactions among organisms with everything else. |
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Definition
Collection of ecosystems distinguished by vegetative characteristics & climate.
-Based on plants because they do not get up and move like animals do. |
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Definition
A Biological community & it's physical environment.
-Within 1 biome there are many ecosystems |
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Definition
The natural environment in which an organism lives.
-Where it would naturally thrive on its' own.
-Breed easily, accessible food, water, shelter, appropriate climate, etc. |
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Definition
An organism's physiological adaptation to, and interaction with, its' physical environment.
-Like Darwins birds on Galapagos islands. |
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| What are the 2 types of animal geography? |
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Definition
Historical- When animal populations get separated by: Humans, river, or long range geological change.
-History of animals & ancestral distribution, What are the species closest living relatives?
-Discontinue of a species, divided up, one species adapts to new environment possibly turning into new species.
Ecological- Animal evolving in personal environment.
-I.e. Ungulates: any animal w/ a hoof(Camels, llama, etc) |
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| Number of animal species from lowest to highest |
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Definition
| Mammals-amphibians-reptiles-birds-fish-Inverebrates(1,300,000) |
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Term
| Fish: 2 types, features of ancient ones & bones(Calcified?) |
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Definition
-2 Types:Raised fin/low fin & 2 types of Eggs: float or sink(depends on habitat)
Ancient- no jaw(suckers), no stomach.
Cartilaginous- Possess some bones(only teeth are calcifed)
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Term
| Birds:Endo/or Ectothermic? Where do all penguins live? |
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Definition
Endothermic vertabrates, 4 chamber hearts, AMAZING Eye sight, VERY FAST METABOLISM.
-Penguins don't all live where it's cold, found in VERY warm places(equador/Africa/Australia/Galapagos) |
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Mammals: What are mammory glands? How many earbones and what is importance? Define the 3 types!
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Definition
-Mammory glands: Nipples
-Earbones: 3, provides balance.
-Division of mammals: monotrems, marsupials, placentals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mammals; duck-billed platypus(egg layer), bird-like mammals; only mammal that is poisonous. |
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Term
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Definition
Have babies in very young stages; hold in pouch to continue development.
-This is due to harsh living environments(Australia)
Kangaroos:OPTIMISTIC REPRODUCERS-embryo can wait upto 1 year until conditions are perfect & mother healthy enough to rear offspring. |
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Term
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Definition
Canada to Mexico(Includes Greenland)
-Smallest # of all fauna families |
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Definition
-Central Mexico to bottom of S. America
-Most endemic species
-Favorable climate |
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Definition
| Where: India, Phillipines, Indonesia |
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Term
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Definition
| What:Most unique species; marsupials(Only marsupial in N. America= Opposum) |
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Term
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Definition
| Where:Does not include ocean itself,refers to all of islands not included in other regimes. |
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Term
| Ethipoian Realm(Godwanda?)(terrain?)(Boundaries?) |
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Definition
Where: Sub-Sahara Africa/Sahara desert/Ocean is barrier(makes it into an island essentially.)
-Godwanda: Africa/S.America still connected, animals dispersed.
-Lots of flat land easy to travel, always on move to find water.
What: Cradle of Humanity(Uluvei Gorge-earliest human fossil);707% of Eurasian species can be found here.
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-Lots of grazers(grass grows rapidly w/ floods.)
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Term
| Lake Victoria(What realm?) |
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Definition
| 2nd biggest freshwater lake in world; Ethiopian realm |
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Term
| why is megafauna only in africa? |
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Definition
-humans eradicated them from rest of the world.
- Change in climate. After last ice age 86% of megafauna went extinct.
-No body really knows true reason, both theories apply to Africa as well so why haven't the megafauna died off? |
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Term
| Where is Eastern Afromontane & what lives there? |
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Definition
-Ethiopian Realm: Ethiopia, Somalia, Euritrea, E. Africa.
-Very similar species across region(flat).
-HUGE LAKES- Amazing fish population
-FLAMINGOS!
-Ethiopian Wolf. |
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Term
| What's so special about Flamingos? |
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Definition
Remarkable adaptation to African lakes, which are volcanic/soda lakes(FULL OF SODIUM BICARBONATE).
-Lakes are very hot & toxic, flamingos fly over water and determine if it's safe to land.
-They need fresh water nearby to wash out sodium bicarbonate from feather so it doesn't solidify. |
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| Ethiopian Wolf importance |
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Definition
TOP PREDATOR(Flagship) in Ethiopian Alpines(Keystone species)
-MOST ENDANGERED DOG IN WORLD(400) |
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Term
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Definition
Attractive to people, acquires money via donations/ecotourism, used as marketing tool.
-Ex: Panda, Jaguar, Tiger, Lion, Gorilla. |
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Term
| Flagship/Umbrella Species |
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Definition
Top predator(flagship) or Keystone species
-Key species to survival of entire ecosystem. |
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Term
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Definition
Not a charismatic species but very key to ecosystem.
-Keystone species, very important in containing insect populations(termites)
-Only predator is human |
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Term
| How many species of apes live in the Congo? Why is this number shrinking? |
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Definition
| 27 species, many being killed in area of heavy political instability. Killed at refuge zones for bush meat. |
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Term
| Whats the difference between mountain & lowland gorillas? |
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Definition
Mtn Gorillas have thick fur, under coat, dark fur & lowlands have light thin coats.(Cold vs. Warm).
-Mtn Gorillas brow ridges are less distinguished because of less chewing that lowland.
-Low land gorillas are what you see at zoo, able to survive in captivity. |
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Term
| What is special about the rain frog? |
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Definition
-Can't jump & doesn't live in water(Burrows its home in the ground)
-YOLK EGGS! No tadpoles.
-Puffs up & oozes nasty taste to predators. |
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Term
| Describe the African Bullfrog |
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Definition
BIG FROG: 4-5lbs.
INCREDIBLY INVASIVE! Sold as pets everywhere.
-EATS EVERYTHING:Insects, rodents, birds |
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Term
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Definition
-2nd most invasive species in world!!!
-Big as human hand
-Hermafrodite(self-fertilization of 3000 eggs) |
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Term
| Palearctic Realm:Where, what lives there? Endemics? |
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Definition
-largest realm: Russia, Europe, Asia(Besides southern & India), west Africa-Sahara.(Divided by Himalayas & Sahara)
-Has every biome besides tropics & polar ice caps.
-Least endemic species; Lots of similar species(Can move east to west easily) |
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Term
| Why was the fertile crescent important for animals/people? What realm is it found in? |
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Definition
DOMESTICATION! Allowed for nomadic food source, no need to hunt.
-Found in Palearctic realm. |
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Term
| What are the requirements for domestication? |
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Definition
Flexible diet, rapid growth, breed in captivity, non-aggressive, won't flee.
-ONLY 12 Domesticated animals. |
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Term
| Where did some of the domesticated animals come from? |
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Definition
| Pig- China, Cattle-doesn't occur in wild(PRODUCES HUNDREDS OF THINGS FROM BIPRODUCTS), Horses-Mongolia, Poultry-Egypt, Silk worms(none in wild) |
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Term
| Disc-tongue frog: Where/what |
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Definition
-Found in mediterranean region
-TOUNGE DOESN'T EXTEND, captures insects w/ mouth & hands.
-Relic species(relics of what used to be larger group) |
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Term
| Where do most salamanders live/tortoises? |
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Definition
| 1/3 in Mediterranean region, LOTS of tortoises in Med. as well. |
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Term
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Definition
-Iberian lynx: W/ Jaguars as being most endangered feline(250 in wild).
-Barbary/Gibraltar Ape: ONLY MONKEY IN EUROPE(tailless monkey, not an ape)
-Monk Seal
-Barbary dear: 100's left, very rare. |
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Term
| Why are Pandas meant to go extinct? |
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Definition
-Don't like sex or other Pandas(solitary)
-Female Pandas can only conceive 3 days/yr(max of 6 per lifetime)
-Can only repoduce every OTHER year
-VERY FRAGILE INFANTS, 1 yr dependency
-99% diet of Bamboo: every 60-120yrs all bamboo of species flowers and dies.
-Pandas digestion is for carnivores; lots of energy to eat bamboo(Sit around a lot & eat to get sufficient intake) |
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Term
| What animal has highest biodiversity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Oriental Where?What lives?Why? |
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Definition
Where:Indian subcontinent, Malaysia, Indonesia, all the way down to Wallace line, separated by mtns, desert, or water.
What lives: SHARES LOTS W/ OTHER REALMS!
-LOTS OF ENDEMICS! CLOSE TO EQUATOR |
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Term
| What animal has a bigger brain than humans? What realm is it from? |
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Definition
Tree shrew from Oriental realm- Greater brain to body size, but not smarter.
-Used for senses:Great hearing/smell/sight, used in thick tropics(VERY DARK) |
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Term
| What animal is called the flying lemur? Why is this improper naming? Where is it found? |
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Definition
-Name:Colugo
-Realm:Oriental
-Not lemur/can't fly.
-Great gliders, bad climbers, useful in tropical dense forests. |
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| What is the name of the little primate w/ big eyes? Why is it unique? Where is it found? |
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Definition
-Name: Tarsiers
-Realm: Oriental(equatorial)
-Unique: Entirely carnivorous(insects)
-NOT ENDANGERED! Healthy & Happy. |
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Term
| What monkey has a distinguishably loud caw or hooting? Were is it found? What is unique about it? |
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Definition
-Name: Gibbons
-Where: Oriental(equatorial)
-Unique: hoots to chat w/ others & excellent swinger, wrists are ballinsocket joins reducing energy) |
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Term
| What is extremely rare/unique about Indo Burma in Animal Biogeography? What realm is this? |
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Definition
-Oriental Realm
-One of the MOST IMPORTANT ECOLOGICAL HOTSPOTS!
-Found 12 new LARGE mammal species in last 10 years!
-LOTS OF ENDEMICS!
-Political turmoil has preserved jungle(Lots of undetonated bombs in Vietnam)
-Rapid animal changes in just 50yrs!
Some animals: Saola(deer), Annamite striped rabbit(Blends in well), Grey-shanked Douc(New monkey species) |
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Term
| One of the most important hotspots: Where & Why? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes the Indian region so important to animals? What do monsoons do to the region? |
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Definition
-Oriental realm
-SO DIVERSE! Over 160 eco-zones of entire region! Shares w/ palearctic/neoarctic realms.
-Monsoons: Increases biodiversity avaialable in region. |
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Term
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Definition
-Where: Oriental/Ethiopian(originated)
-Unique: Human usage; Docile, mode of transportation through THICK vegetation, clears forest paths, construction help.
-NOT DOMESTICATABLE |
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Term
| Leopard: Where? Unique? What's especially unique about the snow leopard? |
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Definition
Where: Originated in Asia, came to Africa, Original species died out in Asia & African ones migrated back to Asia.
-SNOW LEOPARD: More related to Tigers than leopards!
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Term
| Water Buffalo: Where? Unique? Where are they used? |
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Definition
Where: Originally Thailand, came to India(imported), not cows= not sacred.
Unique:1 chamber of stomach for trash, fed magnets to collect all of the sharp metals.
-NORTH AMERICA ONLY PLACE NOT FOUND/USED |
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Term
| Mekong River: Where? Importance? |
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Definition
-Where: Starts in China, comes down through Vietnam/Thailand/Laos/Cambodia.
-Importance: HIGHEST UNIT(per square area) OF BIODIVERSITY IN THE WORLD!!! because it goes from N to S, many different climatic changes.
-EVERY WEEK OF YEAR(2009):3 new species discovered!
-MASSIVE ANIMALS |
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| Iberian lynx: Population? What realm? |
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Definition
HIGHLY ENDANGERD!Palearctic realm.
-With Jaguars as being most endangered feline: ONLY 250 in wild. |
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Term
| Barbary/Gibraltor Ape: Where do they live? What's interesting about their name? |
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Definition
ONLY MONKEY IN EUROPE(palearctic)
-They are a tailless monkey not an ape. |
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