Term
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Definition
| openings in the heart (permit only the entry of blood/fluid in the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| have five hears of hearts |
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Term
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Definition
| carries blood from anterior to posterior in earthworms |
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Term
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Definition
| carries blood from posterior to anterior in earthworms |
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Term
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Definition
| area where organs lie in earthworms |
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Term
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Definition
| thin walled chamber that pumps blood into ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| thick-walled, muscular chamber that applies pressure for blood flow in an organism |
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Term
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Definition
| blood returning from the body first enters this thin-walled triangular sac |
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Term
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Definition
| a narrow tube that contains a series of valves to prevent backflow of blood. after being pumped full of blood from the ventricle, it contracts, or recoils slowly to provide continued pressure in the ventral aorta and a uniform flow of blood. |
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Term
| branchial hearts (gill hearts) |
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Definition
| pump deoxygenated blood to the gills in squid |
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Term
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Definition
| pumps the blood around the body in squid: made of lower ventricle and two upper auricles |
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Term
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Definition
two atria, single ventrical
one atrium from body, other atrium from lungs and skin |
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Term
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Definition
| interior dividing wall in heart |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| in the heart, the pointed end where the ventricles are |
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Term
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Definition
| in the heart, the upward, flat end of the heart where most vessels are located |
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Term
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Definition
| the normal pacemaker of the heart, initiating each electrical cycle, and hence, each contractile cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| period where a chamber(or two) of the heart is contracting |
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Term
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Definition
| peroid where a chamber of the heart(or two) is relaxed |
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Term
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Definition
| delays and carries electrical signal from the atrium to the ventricles |
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Term
| Bundle of His (or AV bundle) |
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Definition
| consists of modified cardiac muscle fibers that do not contract, and instead transmit an action potential to the right and left bundle branches |
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Term
| right and left bundle branches |
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Definition
| come off the bundle of his and lead to the purkinje fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| distribute the action potential to the entire ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| detects and records signals of the heart via electrodes place on the skin |
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Term
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Definition
| flap-like pouches of the atria |
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Term
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Definition
| diagonal, fatty division between the right and left ventricles. In this division, embedded in fat, lie the coronary arteries and veins |
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Term
| Coronary arteries and veins |
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Definition
| tiny vessels that arise from the base of the aorta and are seen on the surface of the heart especially in the grooves. These vessels carry blood to and from the heart muscle itself. |
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Term
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Definition
| this is the most obvious vessel on the ventral surface; it runs diagonally from right to left at the top (or base) of the heart and sometimes appears light cream in color |
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Term
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Definition
| large, thick walled artery just behind the pulmonary artery. It leaves the left ventricle and leaves the heart as an arch, giving off branches to all areas of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| the first branch off the aorta |
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Term
| superior vena cava and inferior vena cava |
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Definition
| very thin-walled vessels that communicate with the right atrium entering it from the dorsal side. |
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Term
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Definition
| found on the dorsal side and enter the left atrium (there are 4 of them) |
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Term
| pulmonary semilunar valve |
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Definition
| A valve with semilunar cusps at the entrance to the pulmonary trunk from the right ventricle of the heart. |
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Term
| right AV valve (tricuspid) |
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Definition
| the valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| dividing walls between the ventricles of the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| the chords that regulate the activity of the cusps in the AV valves |
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Term
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Definition
| conical muscular projections from the walls of the cardiac ventricles, attached to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by the chordae tendineae. |
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Term
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Definition
| represents depolarization of the atria which leads to atrial systole |
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Term
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Definition
| represents depolarization of the ventricles which leads to ventricular systole |
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Term
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Definition
| represents ventricular repolarization |
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Term
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Definition
| one set of atrial and ventricular contractions |
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Term
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Definition
| number of pulses that occur in one minute |
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Term
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Definition
| lubb-produced by the closing of the 2 atrioventricular valves together |
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Term
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Definition
| dupp-produced by the closing of the 2 semilunar valves together |
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Term
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Definition
| transparent membrane covering organs |
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Term
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Definition
| vein supplying blood to the fetus from the umbilical chord. |
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Term
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Definition
| comes from brachiocephalic artery and sends blood to the forelimb |
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Term
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Definition
| comes from braciocephalic artery and sends blood to neck and head regions-divides into right and left |
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Term
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Definition
| branches of the aortic arch and serves the left forelimb |
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Term
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Definition
| first branch of the aorta after it enters the abdominal cavity. It supplies bood to the stomach , liver and spleen |
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Term
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Definition
| the second artery to branch off the aorta after it enters the abdominal cavity. It supplies blood to the small intestine and part of the large intestine. |
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Term
| renal arteries (right and left) |
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Definition
| paired arteries arising from the aorta to supply blood to the kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
| paired arteries which supply the gonads |
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Term
| external iliac arteries (right and left) |
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Definition
| paired arteries the supply the hindlimbs |
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Term
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Definition
| a continuation of the aorta after the external iliacs branch off |
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Term
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Definition
| paired vessels lying parallel to the common carotids. drain the head and neck to the superior vena cava. |
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Term
| External Jugular veins (right and left) |
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Definition
| paired vessels which join the internal jugulars; drain the head and neck to the superior vena cava |
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Term
| brachial veins (right and left) |
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Definition
| paired vessels which join the external jugulars at a point where the external jugulars join to form the superior vena cava. These drain the forelimbs. |
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Term
| external iliacs (right and left) |
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Definition
| paired vessels that drain the anterior portion of the hindlimb to the inferior vena cava |
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Term
| internal iliacs (right and left) |
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Definition
| paired vessels that drain the posterior part of the hindlimb and join the external iliacs to form the common iliacs |
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Term
| common iliacs (right and left) |
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Definition
| paired vessels that drain lower limbs and join to form the inferior vena cava |
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Term
| renal veins (right and left) |
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Definition
| paired vessels tha drain each kidney to the inferior vena cava |
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Term
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Definition
| single vein arising in the placenta and bringing blood into the fetus. blood is dumped into the inferior vena cava in the area of the liver |
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Term
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Definition
| protein in red blood cells for carrying oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| protein in horseshoe crabs and octopuses' blood for carrying oxygen-floats freely. |
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Term
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Definition
| complete digestive tract between two openings |
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Term
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Definition
| teeth are all similar in shape or design |
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Term
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Definition
| teeth have different shapes or designs |
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Term
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Definition
| fish eaters-long, conical, sharp-pointed but straight teeth to pierce or hold prey that are swallowed whole |
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Term
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Definition
| meat eaters-either conical teeth to prevent prey from escaping and/or large triangular teeth that are laterally compressed with sharp, serrated edges |
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Term
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Definition
insect eaters-
soft insect eaters: teeth are simple pegs, or no teeth at all. Have long tongues instead.
hard insect eaters: sharp cutting edges in a V or W design on the surface |
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Term
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Definition
| mixed plant and animal diet-both low crowned teeth with simple, short cusps that crush or grind food items and still handle some other foods. |
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Term
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Definition
| plant eaters-flat topped, but high crowned teeth with exposed enamel and dentine ridges |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| gastric juices convert food into semi-liquid state, chyme |
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Term
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Definition
| uses pancreatic juice: amylase, trypsin, lipase |
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Term
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Definition
| when small molecules like glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids diffuse out of the small intestine (not starch) |
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Term
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Definition
| either of a pair of bean-shaped organs in the back part of the abdominal cavity that form and excrete urine, regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, and act as endocrine glands. |
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Term
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Definition
| The long, narrow duct that conveys urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder or cloaca (whitish gray) |
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Term
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Definition
| a muscular and membranous sac that comes from the ureters, in which the urine is retained until it is discharged from the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| a single tube which exits the urinary bladder from its posterior surface |
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Term
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Definition
| in the medulla of the kidney, the collecting place of urine that will leave through the ureter |
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Term
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Definition
| the thin membrane surrounding the kidney |
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Term
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Definition
| the darker, outer layer of the kidney |
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Term
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Definition
| the lighter colored inner part of the kidney |
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Term
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Definition
| the whitish colored triangles that filters blood in the kidney |
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Term
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Definition
| on the concave side of the kidney where the ureter comes out |
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Term
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Definition
| the opening outside the body from the rectum |
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Term
| urogenital sinus/vaginal vestibule |
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Definition
| birth canal and urinary duct for pigs |
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Term
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Definition
| low lip-like folds over the urogenital opening |
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Term
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Definition
| protruding folds caused by the labia |
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Term
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Definition
| a small body of erectile tissue on the ventral portion of the urogenital sinus, both males and females have it-but it is easier seen in males |
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Term
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Definition
| the membranous tube that extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior and that in the male conveys semen as well as urine, and in females is bound by connective tissue to the vagina |
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Term
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Definition
| just before the vagina, a slightly constricted region of tissue that leads to the uterus; acts as a sphincter to separate the vagina from the uterus |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the pair of tubular extensions from the uterine body. Amongst the domestic species they are largest in those that bear many young (polytocous) |
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Term
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Definition
| The musculocutaneous sac that encloses the testes and is formed of skin, a network of nonstriated muscular fibers, cremasteric fascia, the cremaster muscle, and the serous coverings of the testes and epididymides. |
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Term
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Definition
| the white cord that connects the posterior end of the testes to the scrotum wall. It grows more slowly than the surrounding tissues and thus "pulls" the testes into the scrotum |
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Term
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Definition
| The pair of male reproductive glands enclosed in the scrotum that produce the male sex hormone testosterone and the spermatozoa |
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Term
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Definition
| the double-layered sleeve of peritoneum that lines the scrotum and inguinal canal (parietal layer) and invests the testis, epididymis and spermatic cord (visceral layer) |
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Term
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Definition
| A long, narrow, convoluted tube in the spermatic duct system that lies on the posterior aspect of each testicle and connects with the vas deferens. |
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Term
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Definition
| the slender elongated structure that emerges from each testis |
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Term
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Definition
| an opening in the abdominal wall connecting the abdominal cavity and the scrotal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| The main secretory duct of the testicle, through which semen is carried from the epididymis to the prostatic urethra, where it ends as the ejaculatory duct. |
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Term
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Definition
| Either of a pair of pouchlike glands situated on each side of the male urinary bladder that secrete seminal fluid and nourish and promote the movement of spermatozoa through the urethra. |
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Term
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Definition
| situated between the bases of the seminal vesicles, produces bicarbonate-an alkaline substance-to neutralize the acidic environment of the vagina |
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Term
| bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands |
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Definition
| lie on either side of the juncture of the penis and urethra, produce an alkaline solution |
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Term
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Definition
| in dogfish, the kidneys develop the entire length of the holonephros, thus are classified... |
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Term
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Definition
| opening for wastes in dogfish |
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Term
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Definition
| a tube that carries waste from the kidneys to the cloaca (is used for sexual reproduction in males-they have accessory urinary duct) |
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Term
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Definition
| where egg/ova is produced |
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Term
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Definition
| tubelike structure where the ovum is fertilized by the male sperm through the cloaca |
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Term
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Definition
| gland for storing sperm for great lengths of time to allow for fertilization later |
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Term
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Definition
| location of embryonic development |
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Term
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Definition
| few small tubes that take sperm from testes to the archinephric duct |
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Term
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Definition
| contains seminal fluid that will allow the sperm to pass safely to the female and fertilize the ova |
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Term
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Definition
| allows the male shark to hold on the female dogfish shark, also contains a siphon sac |
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Term
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Definition
| separate each segment of an earthworm |
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Term
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Definition
| on segment 15, where sperm exits the worm |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| where eggs in earthworms are |
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Term
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Definition
| where fertilized worm eggs are stored (in mucous) |
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Term
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Definition
| ciliated, funnel-shaped; gather waste products into the nephridia |
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Term
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Definition
| release wastes from the nephridia into the open |
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Term
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Definition
| another word for glomerulus |
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Term
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Definition
| round structures in which eggs develop and mature |
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Term
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Definition
| gills, where oxygen is extracted and carbon dioxide is released |
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Term
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Definition
| where water, rich in wastes, is deposited into the environment |
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Term
| incurrent aperture (siphon) |
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Definition
| brings in water from the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| the area between the two mantle sheets |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 folds of the gills (ctenidium) |
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Term
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Definition
| verticle tubes in the gills |
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Term
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Definition
| small openings between the ctenidial filaments through which water flows into the lamellae |
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Term
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Definition
| on the gills and mantle, maintain the flow of water on the gills |
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Term
| gill hearts (brachial hearts) |
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Definition
| at the base of each gill, push blood through the capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| modified gill slits that serve as external openings through which water flows into the gill chamber (gill pouches or branchial chambers) |
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Term
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Definition
| located between the external and internal gill slits (whole flap) |
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Term
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Definition
| supportive cartilaginous structures for the filamentous gills and protection of arteries |
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Term
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Definition
| filter water and propel incoming food particles toward the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| cartilaginous structures which supports gill tissue |
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Term
| primary lamellae (gill filaments) |
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Definition
| comprised of secondary lamellae |
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Term
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Definition
| actual structures of gas exchange |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| air enters the body through openings in the exoskeleton called spiracles and is distributed throughout by tracheal tubes |
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Term
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Definition
| special cells which serve as the site of gas exchange |
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Term
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Definition
| reinforces of the tracheal tube (which is derived from the ectoderm |
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Term
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Definition
| support the trachea in mammals |
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Term
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Definition
| comprised of multiple cartilages, 2 of which include the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage, which support the larynx wall |
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Term
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Definition
| first division of the trachea to the lungs |
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Term
| anterior, middle, mediastinal, and posterior |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| air inhaled and exhaled with each resting breath |
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Term
| expiratory reserve volume |
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Definition
| amount of air that can be forcible exhaled after a normal exhalation |
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Term
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Definition
| maximul amount of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs |
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Term
| minute respiratory volume |
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Definition
| amount of air you move into and out of your lungs each minute |
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Term
| inspiratory reserve volume |
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Definition
| the amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal inhalation |
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