Term
|
Definition
Used on elephants
Also known as an elephant goad and ankusa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1832 - United Kingdom
Gave license to students and medical professionals to dissect donated human bodies |
|
|
Term
| Deafferentation of nerves |
|
Definition
| Process by way to redirect and regrow nerves to allow individuals with nerve damage to use those muscles again. The study of the process uses non-human primates for its testing |
|
|
Term
| Humane Farming Initiative |
|
Definition
1988
State referendum in Massachusetts that included a number of reform provisions for the use of young animals in farming. It was written by the activist group CEASE; ending up losing since it would put unrealistic expectations and restrictions on small-scale farms |
|
|
Term
| Pennsylvania Head Research |
|
Definition
1984
Destruction of a University of Penn lab by members of ALF. Purpose of the experiments was to minimize the effects of whiplash. PETA recordings led to the NIH stopping the study. Involved the research of Dr. Thomas Gennarelli |
|
|
Term
| Physician's Committee for Responsible Medicine |
|
Definition
| PETA's medical hand, only about 3 members are actually doctors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Association of Zoos and Aquariums |
|
|
Term
| Differences between Asian and African Elephants. |
|
Definition
Asian:
smaller size, smaller ears, longer trunk, thicker body, endangered
African elephants are larger with larger ears, rounder head, and tusks in both sexes, thought they are larger in males |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
United States Department of Agriculture
Oversees federal regulations on farming and livestock |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animals that are not able to stand due to calving problems, broken bones, or paralysis |
|
|
Term
Estrogen levels in order of highest to lowest:
(Ice cream, beef, soybean oil, milk, potatoes, cabbage) |
|
Definition
Soybean oil,
Cabbage,
Ice Cream,
Potatoes,
Milk,
Beef (non-organic) |
|
|
Term
Levels of Carcinogens in order of highest to lowest
(Coffee, bread, cola, beef) |
|
Definition
Cola,
Coffee,
Bread,
Beef (non-organic or inorganic) |
|
|
Term
| Difference in the level of estrogen in an implanted versus non-implanted steer |
|
Definition
| 1.7 nanograms, or 0.0007 millionth of a gram |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Originally passed in 1958, argued against in 1996, and outlawed in 1997. The Delaney Amendment stated that no carcinogens should be added to the supply of food. This was difficult to abide by when carcinogens can be detected in as minute amounts as ppt. It was replaced with a legislation that outlaws only what is out of the ordinary. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Negligible Risk; a level of risk that is too small to be concerned with |
|
|
Term
Types of Vegetarianism:
Ovo
Lacto
Ovo-lacto
Vegan
Raw Veganism
Fruitarianism
Pesco |
|
Definition
Ovo - eggs, but know dairy
Lacto - only dairy
Ovo-Lacto - animal/dairy products other than meat
Vegan - no animal products what so ever
Raw Veganism - Only fresh and lightly cooked/prepared fruits and vegetables
Fruitarianism - Only fruit based food sources
Pesco - no red meat or poultry, but fish and other sea life is allowed |
|
|
Term
| The 5 Biological Rights/Freedoms of Animals |
|
Definition
1) Freedom from hunger/malnutrition
2) Access to an adequate environment
3) Freedom from injury
4) Freedom to express normal behavior *
5) Freedom from fear |
|
|
Term
| Transportation limits as applied to moving livestock |
|
Definition
48 hrs. by truck; 32 hours between stress stops
Other methods of transport are limited to 28 hours |
|
|
Term
| Most common method of stunning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A Buddhist term meaning to do no harm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Means kindness and compassion |
|
|
Term
| Religions that parallel Animal Welfare |
|
Definition
Christianity
Muslim
Judaism |
|
|
Term
| Religions that parallel animal rights |
|
Definition
Buddhism
Jainism (very strict vegan practices)
Hinduism |
|
|
Term
| Culture whose religious practices often followed animal protectionist philosophies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In 1989 how many people wanted to continue the use of animals in research? What about doctors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| American Association of Equine Practioners |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
Group of people 5 people to monitor the use and care of animals used in research. The group must include a veterinarian, a practicing science, a nonscientific member and another member with no connection to the research group. IACUC's must inspect and review the lab and its policies every 6 months, though they can review the research however often they feel is necessary. Established by the Improved Standards for Laboratory Animals Act, the third AWA amendment |
|
|
Term
| What is required at a sanctioned Rodeo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are most PMU farms located |
|
Definition
Canada
PMU = Pregnant Mare's Serum |
|
|
Term
Analgesia
Anesthesia
Euthanasia |
|
Definition
Analgesia = the absences of pain without loss of consciousness; can be over the counter, like aspirin
Anesthesia = The loss of pain, typically with the loss of consciousness. Local anesthetic can be focused on one area
Euthanasia = A doctor administered death via injection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
In vitro = In an artificial place
In situ = in the body and the normal place
In vivo = in the body but not necessarily in the normal place (this includes a whole living organism) |
|
|
Term
Physiology
Anatomy
Histology |
|
Definition
Physiology = the study of the functions of the human body
Anatomy = the study of the structure of the human body
Histology = the study of the body's tissues and cells |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of research animals are rodents |
|
Definition
greater than or equal to 90%
(Less than one percent are non-human primates) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals.
Established by Ingrid Newkirk and Alex Pacheco, arguably the most famous animal rights organization and the second largest in America. Known world-side for the unconventional advertising campaings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Human Society of the United States
Established in the 50s, the HSUS is the largest animal rights group in the world, though contrary to popular understanding, the HSUS does not fund any animal shelters. Most of its finances, like PETA, go to advertising and employee salaries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Animal Liberation Front
Most prominent violent animal rights group, noted as the most dangerous terrorist group in the US. |
|
|
Term
| Who defined the scientific method and what does it require for scientific integrity |
|
Definition
Claude Bernard
A control and replication of results |
|
|
Term
| What year were anesthetics discovered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did we start to use animals in research? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Horse Protection Act established Designated Qualified Persons to identify sored horses in shows |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the practice of physical harming a horse to change their gait |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The first law to regulate the use of animals in research |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Animal Enterprise Protection Act
Federal law that made any purposeful damaging or vandalism of places where they conduct animal research illegal and punishable by law, this was signed by both Clinton and Bush |
|
|
Term
| Health Research Extension Act |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Scientist in Nazi Germany who practiced vegetarianism but condoned the use of humans in research |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| National Institute of Health |
|
|
Term
| Which law prohibits release of found animals from pounds to research facilities? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Office for Protection of Research Risks, now Office for Human Research Protections.
Protects the rights and welfare of human subjects used in research |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| National Science Foundation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the idea that the moral worth of an action is determined solely by its usefulness in maximizing utility and minimizing pain/suffering |
|
|
Term
| Name three prominent Utilitarians |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the standard temperature for livestock as required by federal law |
|
Definition
| Trick question, there is none, though cows like it colder(~40 degrees I think) |
|
|
Term
| When was the AWA first signed and what triggered it? |
|
Definition
1966
Life Magazine article titled "Concentration Camps for dogs" |
|
|
Term
| Which major US government organization funds lab animal research |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How often do you have to check the welfare of animals being transported? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage of research/ animals with NSF funding are free-living |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The CA legislation that increased the minimum size of chicken cages. Pushed by the Animal rights groups, though staunchly resisted by welfare groups and farmers. Passed |
|
|
Term
| Which animals are excluded by the AWA? What are the covered under? |
|
Definition
Rats, Mice, Invertebrates and Birds
Funding requirements |
|
|
Term
| What is a Charro and why are they illegal? |
|
Definition
| a Mexican rodeo; one of the events often causes horses to trip |
|
|
Term
| On which animal was the first coronary transplant preformed? Kidney transplant? |
|
Definition
| Both were performed on dogs before being tested on humans |
|
|
Term
| Annually, how many animals are used in biomedical and product research? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the beleif that there are too many humans on earth for our resources to cover and we must actively limit the population, such as allowing viruses to spread freely. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The test used to detect the corrosiveness of various materials in our eyes. Uses rabbits. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Test used to determine the mutagenic potential of chemical compounds? |
|
|
Term
| What does serendipity mean and why is it important to scientific research? |
|
Definition
good luck in making unexpected and fortunate discoveries;
Often, discoveries are usually the case of serendipity, so it is important to use proper scientific method and as accurate of tools as possible to get the most precise of results. Thus, one of the arguments for using animals in research |
|
|
Term
| Who wrote the "White Paper" and what was it about? |
|
Definition
AVMA,
their stance on Animal Welfare and a push to increase support for animal research |
|
|
Term
| What does PCRM stand for? |
|
Definition
| Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine; PETA's medical group |
|
|
Term
| Who determines the fitness of animals used in research? |
|
Definition
| the IACUC for the research group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Recieved a heart transplant from a baboon in 1984. Procedure was protested by rights groups, but was allowed to go through since it was basically putting the life of the littler girl against that of the baboon's. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A col in the US army who did a study on cats to improve recovery from in head wounds for soldiers coming back from war. The research was shut down based on a review study by veterinary anesthesiologists despite support from a GAO, because the research used sedated cats. |
|
|
Term
| Silver Springs and Edward Taub |
|
Definition
| Taub was a research scientist studying the ability of the brain to reorganize itself and thus allow individuals with brain damage to use their limbs again. During his research Alex Pacheco spied as a lab employee and took images of what he claimed was the horrible state of the monkey's used in Taub's experiments. Whether or not the images used were actually representative of the treatment of the monkeys is questionable. This case made PETA famous and put a hindrance on Taub's research for five years. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Center for alternatives to Animal Testing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
No Observed Effect Level
During the process of toxicity testing on animals, or occasionally on humans, various doses of a pesticide are tested. The does at which no effect of the type under observation is observed is called NOEL. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Animal Defenders Ineternational
Animal (Protectionist?) Group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Health Research Extension Act of 1985 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Regulatory Enforcement and Animal Care |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lethal Dose Test: Rating calculated at the dosage where half of the test animals can be expected to die from ingestion of the test substance. Still necessary in some cases, but there are now alternatives such as the tiered system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| National Research Council |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sudden Infant Death Syndrome - The research for SIDS often uses animals for neurological study and that has created a controversy with animal rights groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
American Medical Association
Wrote a use of Animals in Biomedical Research. First published in 1989 and revised in 1992. Tried to rally people int eh scientific community to actively counteract the animal rights movement by making themselves more public. It also supported the animal welfare movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (?) General Accounting Office |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Of, relating to, or denoting pain arising from the stimulation of nerve cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A long as we replace one happy life with that of another, there was no wrong done since the balance of overall happiness remains the same |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One's place in society, can only be granted to rational beings |
|
|
Term
| Animal Enterprise Protection Act |
|
Definition
1992
made vandalism of any organization dependent upon animals to complete their business, an illegal act punishable by law with fines and possible jail time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| First law in the modern world to protect farm animals. Passed by the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1641. |
|
|
Term
| When did America pass its first anti-cruelty act |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Passed in London, 1876
First int eh world to regulate the use of animals in research |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Believed that animals could not feel pain, that all responses were automatic, like a machine. |
|
|
Term
| Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act |
|
Definition
| 1990; Extended the AWA to non-research facilities and agriculture enterprises |
|
|
Term
| Farm Animal and Research Facilities Protection Act |
|
Definition
4th amendment to AWA in 1989;
very similar to Animal Enterprise Protection Act, just specific to farms and research facilities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Passed in 1958, think it requires that animals be mentally incapacitated before slaughter so as to make pain minimal |
|
|
