Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Animal Diversity Final
N/A
262
Biology
Undergraduate 2
04/25/2011

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
snails and slugs
Definition

Phylum Mollusca

Class Gastropoda

Term
Clams and muscles
Definition

Phylum Mollusca

Class Bivalvia

Term
Squids, octopi, cuttlefish, nautilus
Definition

Phylum Mollusca

Class Cephalopoda

Term
Tusk or tooth shell
Definition

Phylum Mollusca

Class Scaphopoda

Term
Chitons
Definition

Phylum Mollusca

Class Polyplacaphora

Term
4 body plan characteristics of Mollusca
Definition
head, foot, mantle, visceral mass
Term
secretes the shell
Definition
mantle
Term
How a pearl is made
Definition
Mollusc deposoits layers of narce around an irritant that gets lodged between the mantle and the shell
Term
Torsion
Definition

ratation of visceral hump brings mantle cavity anteriorly

twisting of the visceral mass through a 180 degree rotation during development

Term
Coiling
Definition
reduces fouling
Term
HAM to Cephalopod transition
Definition

foot becomes lobed

shell becomes reduced or is absent

Term
Classification of Phylum Mollusca
Definition

C: Gastropoda

C: Bivalvia

C: Polyplacaphora

C: Scaphapoda

C: Cephalopoda

Term

Organization

P:Mollusca

Definition
organ level
Term

Development

P: Mollusca

Definition

Protostome

Triploblastic

Eucoelomate

Term

Symmetry

P: Mollusca

Definition

Bilateral

Cephalization (reduced in Bivalvia)

Term

Skeleton and Support

P:Mollusca

Definition
shell (secreted from mantle)
Term

Locomotion

P: Mollusca

Definition

foot/tentacles

siphon/mantle

Term

Nervous System

P:Mollusca

Definition

Central Nervous System

Highly developed brain in Cephalopods

Complex Sensory Organs

Term

Digestion and Feeding

P: Mollusca

Definition

Complete digestive system

regional specialization

anus opens into mantle cavity

radula

gills modified for filter feeding

Term
Radula
Definition
a tongue-like organ bearing rows of teeth used in feeding
Term

Excretion

P: Mollusca

Definition
Kidneys (metanephridia)
Term

Circulation

P: Mollusca

Definition
open except in Cephalopoda
Term

Respiriation

P: Mollusca

Definition
mostly gills, some Gastropoda have lungs
Term
Ctenidia
Definition
gills
Term
Protobranch
Definition
gills the form in gastropods, chitons, and cephalopods
Term
Eulamellibranch
Definition

gills that form in Bivalvia

also used for feeding

Term

Reproduction

P: Mollusca

Definition

mostly sexual

mononecious and dioecious

external and internal fertilization

Trocophore larvae (except Cephalopoda)

free swimming Veliger Larvae

Term
Which MollusK class does not have a Trochophore larvae?
Definition
Cephalopoda
Term
Have 8 overlapping plates
Definition

P: Mollusca

C: Polyplacaphora

Term
Have a foot that burrows into soft sediments
Definition

P: Mollusca

C: Scaohapoda

Term
Mantle forms girdle
Definition

P: Mollusca

C: Polyplacaphora

Term
Largest class within the Mollusca
Definition
C: Gastropoda
Term
3 sub-classes of Gastropoda
Definition

S.C. Prosobranchia

S.C. Opisthobranchia

S.C. Pulmonata

 

"POP"

Term
Operculum
Definition
a door-like structure on the dorsal side of the foot that closes the opening of the shellwhen the animal retracts
Term
"stolen weapons"
Definition
some Opisthobranchia feed on cnidarians and store their functional nematocysts in the tips of their cerata
Term
Cerata
Definition
dorsal and lateral outgrowths into which digestive ducts extend, with a cnidosac at the terminal end
Term
Umbo
Definition
the oldest part of the shell
Term

Incurrent and excurrent siphons

P: Mollusca

Definition
facilitate water flow in and out of the Bivalvia
Term
Chromatophores
Definition
pigment cells present in Cephalopoda
Term
Swim via jet propulsion
Definition
Cephalopoda
Term
Modes of defense in Cephalopoda
Definition
camoflauge, chromatophores, signaling, venom, and ink sacs
Term
"velvet worms"
Definition
Phylum Onychophora
Term
"water bears"
Definition
Phylum Tardigrada
Term
Cryptobiosis
Definition
when desicated, the animal shrivels into a "tun" until water is returned
Term
Shared characteristics between arthropods and polychaeta (annelid)
Definition

metameric segmentation

paired appendages on segments

double ventral nerve cord

cuticle

Term
Differences between arthropods and annelids
Definition

exoskeleton

jointed appendages

hemocoel

tagmosis

open circulatory system in arthropods

Term
Tagmosis
Definition
fusion of segments into distinct body regions
Term
challenges imposed by exoskeleton
Definition
restricts growth, movement, gas exchange, sensation, exchange of solutes and water
Term
Ecdysis
Definition
molting
Term

Classification

P: Arthropoda

 

Definition

S.P. Trilobita (extinct)

S.P. Chelicerata

S.P. Crustacea

S.P. Myriapoda

S.P. Hexapoda

Term

Organization

P: Arthropoda

Definition
Organ level
Term

Development

P: Arthropoda

Definition

protostome

triploblastic

eucoelomate

Term

Symmetry

P: Arthropoda

Definition

bilateral

cephalization

Term

Skeleton and support

P: Arthropoda

Definition

Chitonous exoskeleton with jointed appendages

 

Term

Locomotion

P: Arthropoda

Definition

jointed legs and other specialized appendages

abdominal flexion

Term
"somites"
Definition
metameres in arthropods
Term
serial homology
Definition
the correspondance in the same individual of repeated structures having the same origin and development
Term

Nervous System

P: Arthropoda

Definition

central nervous system

ganglion with ventral cord

Term

Digestion and Feeding

P: Arthropoda

Definition

complete

regional specialization

wide range of feeding strategies

 

Term

Excretion

P: Arthropoda

Definition
very diverse
Term

Circulation

P: Arthropoda

Definition

open circulatory system:

blood empties from vessels into sinuses to bathe organs and tissues and returns directly from the hemocoel to the pumping heart through the ostia

Term

Respiration

P: Arthropoda

Definition

variable: book gills, book lungs, and tracheal systems

 

Chelicerata: book lungs (land), book gills (water)

Crustacea: book gills (even on land)

Term
Describe the tracheal system of an insect
Definition
a system of air tubes (trachea) in insects extending from surface spiracles (openings); carries air to the inner tissues
Term

Reproduction

P: Arthropoda

Definition
mostly dioecious
Term
Classes of Sub-Phylum Chelicerata
Definition

C: Meristomata

C: Pcynogonia

C: Arachnida

Term

Which class?

 

Extinct Sea Scorpions

Definition
C: Merostomata
Term

Which class?

 

Horseshoe Crabs

Definition
C: Merostomata
Term
Carapace
Definition
exoskeletal dorsal "shield" found in horseshoe crabs
Term
Chelicerae
Definition
pincers or claws
Term
How do horseshoe crabs eat/chew their food?
Definition
they have no jaws so they grind food between their legs using spiny gnathobases
Term

Which class?

 

Sea Spiders

Definition
C: Pcynogonadia
Term
Ovigers
Definition
Males in the Class Pcynogonadia carry developing eggs on a specialized pair of legs called ovigers
Term
Probiscis
Definition
sucks juice from soft-bodied animals
Term

Which class?

 

Ticks, mites, scorpions, spiders, daddy long-legs

Definition
C: Arachnida
Term
Naupulis Larvae
Definition
unique to most (but not all) crustaceans
Term
Classes of the Sub-Phylum Crustacea
Definition

C: Branchipoda

C: Ostracoda

C: Copepoda

C: Cirripedia

C: Malacostraca

Term

Which class?

 

Fairy shrimp and brine shrimp

Definition
Class Branchipoda
Term

Which class?

 

Seed Shrimp

Definition

Class Ostracoda

 

enclosed in bivalved carapace (looks like a seed!)

Term

Which Class?

 

Have a large nauplius eye in the adult

Definition

Class Copepoda

 

(plankton)

Term

Which class?

 

barnacle

Definition

Class Cirripedia

 

Term

Which class?

 

lobsters, pill bugs, sow bugs, sand fleas, crayfish, crabs, and true shrimp

Definition
Class Malacostraca
Term

Which class?

 

Centipedes

Definition
Chilopoda
Term

Classes of Sub-Phylum Myriapoda

Definition

C: Chilopoda

C: Diplopoda

Term

Which class?

 

Millipedes

Definition
Class Diplopoda
Term
toxin secreted by some Millipedes in defense
Definition
Hydrogen Cyanide
Term
Most diverse groups of Arthropoda
Definition

SP: Hexapoda

C: Insecta

Term
Direct flight muscles
Definition
pull the wings down
Term
Indirect flight muscles
Definition
pull body wall down and wings get uplifted by default
Term
Terrestrial insects conserve water by
Definition

waxy, waterproof cuticle (exoskeleton)

valved spiracles

Malphigian tubules

Term

Why are insects so diverse?

Definition
  1. short generation time
  2. small size
  3. metamorposis
  4. winged adults
  5. adaptions to terrestrial environments
  6. sophisticated sensory system, behavior, and communication
  7. co-evolutionary interactions between other organisms
Term
Ametabulous
Definition
no metamorphosis and wingless
Term
Sub-Class of Hexapods that do not have metamorphosis
Definition

Sub-Class  Apterygota

O: Thysanura (silverfish)

O: Collembola (springtail)

Term
Winged insects that undergo 1 of 2 types of metamorposis
Definition
Sub-Class Pterygota
Term
Exhibit Hemimetabulous (or incomplete) metamorphosis
Definition

Division Exopterygota

(wings develop on the outside)

Term
Exihibit holometabulous (or complete) metamorphosis
Definition

Division Endopterygota

(wings bud inside)

Term
egg -> nymph -> adult (no further molting)
Definition

Hemimetabulous

Division Exopterygota

Term
egg-> larva -> pupa -> adult
Definition

Holometabulous

Division Endopterygota

Term
Orders having hemietabulous metamorphosis
Definition

O: Odonata

O: Isoptera

O: Hemiptera

O: Homoptera

O: Orthoptera

Term
Classification of crickets and grasshoppers, cockroaches, and mantids
Definition

P: Arthropoda

SP: Hexapoda

C: Insecta

SC: Pterygota

Div: Exopterygota

O: Orthoptera

Term
What is the classification of termites?
Definition

P: Arthropoda

SP: Hexapoda

C: Insecta

SC: Pterygota

Div: Exopterygota

O: Isoptera

Term
What is the classification of dragonflies and damselflies?
Definition

P: Arthropoda

SP: Hexapoda

C: Insecta

SC: Pterygota

Div: Exopterygota

O: Odonata

Term
What is the classification of the true bugs?
Definition

P: Arthropoda

SP: Hexapoda

C: Insecta

SC: Pterygota

Div: Exopterygota

O: Hemiptera

Term
What is the classificiation of leafhoppers, cicadas, and aphids?
Definition

P: Arthropoda

SP: Hexapoda

C: Insecta

SC: Pterygota

Div: Exopterygota

O: Homoptera

Term
Orders of the Division Endpterygota
Definition

O: Diptera

O: Hymenoptera

O: Lepidoptera

O: Coleoptera

Term
What is the classification of the beetles?
Definition

P: Arthropoda

SP: Hexapoda

C: Insecta

SC: Pteryota

Div: Endopterygota

O: Coleoptera

Term
What is the classification of the flies and mosquitoes?
Definition

P: Arthropoda

SP: Hexapoda

C: Insecta

SC: Pterygota

Div: Endopterygota

O: Diptera

Term
Elytra
Definition

top pair of wings is modified into an armor-like covering

 

present in the Coleoptera

Term
Halteres
Definition

2nd pair of wings is reduced and used for balance

 

present in the Diptera

Term
What is the classification of the bees, wasps, and ants?
Definition

P: Arthropoda

SP: Hexapoda

C: Insecta

SC: Pterygota

Div: Endopterygota

O: Hymenoptera

Term

What is the classification of the butterflies and moths?

 

Definition

P: Arthropoda

SP: Hexapoda

C: Insecta

SC: Pterygota

Div: Endopterygota

O: Lepidoptera

Term
Eusociality
Definition

Hymenoptera and Isoptera

 

  • cooperative care of young
  • overlapping generations
  • polymorphism (caste system)
Term
Haploid-Diploid sex determintation
Definition

queen -> eggs -> fertilization -> females (diploid)

 

queen -> eggs -> no fertilization -> males (haploid)

Term
Parastoid larvae
Definition
Parasites that eventually kill their hosts
Term

Classification

 

P: Echinodermata

Definition

C: Asteroidea

C: Echinoidea

O: Holothuroidea

C: Crinoidea

C: Ophiuroidea

 

Term

Organization

 

P: Echinodermata

Definition
Organ system/level
Term

Embryonic Development

 

P: Echinodermata

Definition

triploblastic

deutrerostome

eucoelomate

enterocoelous

intermediate radial clevage

Term

Symmetry

 

P: Echinodermata

Definition

Larvae are bilateral

Adults are secondarily penta-radial

Holothuroidea-secondarily bilateral

Term

 

Skeleton/ Support

 

P: Echinodermata

Definition

dermal endoskeleton

water vascular system

pedicellaria

ossicles

Term
Water Vascular System
Definition

a system of coelomic canals and tube feet projections for multiple functions:

 

 locomotion, respiration, transport of food and wastes

Term
Madreporite
Definition
hole on aboral surface where water enters
Term
Stone Canal
Definition
connects the madreporite to the ring canal
Term

Dermal Endoskeleton

 

P: Echinodermata

 

Definition
  • composed of calcareous ossicles and is covered by epidermis
  • endoskeleton allows for continuous growth and provides protection
  • ossicles may fuse to form a test
Term

Locomotion

 

P: Echinodermata

Definition

water vascular system

tube feet

arms in Crinoidea

Term

Sensory/Nervous

 

P: Echinodermata

Definition

nerve ring with radial nerves in ambulacral ridge

ocelli in arms

chemosensory feet

 

Term

Digestion/Feeding

 

P: Echinodermata

 

Definition

complete (no anus Ophiuroidea)

wide variety of feeding types

two stomahcs (cardiac=eversible, pyloric connects cardiac to the rest of the digestive system)

Term
Excretion/Osmoregulation
Definition

water vascular system: excretes wastes across walls of papulae

 

no osmoregulation

Term
Dermal Papulae
Definition
fleshy dermal projection in Echinodermata for respiration
Term

Circulation

 

P: Echinodermata

Definition
water vascular system
Term

Respiration

 

P: Echinodermata

Definition

papulae and tube feet

Holothuroidea also use anus

 

Term

Reproduction

 

P: Echinodermata

Definition

mostly dioecious with external fertilization

assexual fission

bipinnaria sea star larvae

Term

Which class?

 

sea stars and star fish

Definition
C: Asteroidea
Term

Which class?

 

sea urchins and sand dollars

Definition
C: Echinoidea
Term
Aristotle's Lattern
Definition
5-toothed jaw mechanisms found in C: Echinoidea
Term
Ossicle plates are fused to form a compast test
Definition

P: Echinodermata

C: Echinoidea

Term

Which class?

 

brittle stars and basket stars

Definition
C: Opiuroidea
Term
Have a well-defined central disc
Definition

P: Echinodermata

C: Ophiuroidea

Term

Which class?

 

sea lillies and feather stars

Definition
C: Crinoidea
Term

Which class?

 

sea cucmbers

Definition
C: Holothuroidea
Term
Have a unique respiratory tree
Definition

P: Echinodermata

C: Holothuroidea

Term
Regeneration in Echinodermata
Definition
most Echinodermata are capable of regeneration as long as they contain some part of the central disc
Term
5 Chordate Characteristics
Definition
  • notochord
  • dorsal hollow nerve cord
  • pharyngeal gill slits
  • post anal tail
  • pharyngeal endostyle/thyroid
Term
Comparative Embryonolgy
Definition
early embryos of diverse groups share many features.  As development proceeds, embryonic forms diverge and become more similar to adults of their own species
Term
Notochord Characteristics
Definition
  • flexible rod-like structure
  • serves as an axis for muscle attachment
  • in jawed vertebrates, becomes the spinal column
Term
Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord Characteristics
Definition
  • in vertebrates, anterioir end becomes enlarged to form the brain and the rest becomes the spinal cord
Term
Pharyngeal Gill Slits Characteristics
Definition
  • in aquatic chordates, they become the gills
  • in tetrapods, they become part of the throat and ear cavity
Term

Pharyngeal Endostyle Characteristics

 

Definition
  • ciliated grooves in floor of pharynx trap food
  • present in protochordates amd lamprey larvae where the pharnx evolved as a filter-feeding apparatus
  • is more derived in adult lamprey and vertebrates, homologous to thyroid
Term
Post-Anal Tail Characteristics
Definition
  • facilitates mobility/propulsion in aquatic environments
  • associated with somatic body structure
Term

Classification

 

P: Chordata

Definition

SP: Urochordata

SP: Cephalochordata

SP: Vertebrata/Craniata

     C: Agnatha

     C: Chondrichthyes

     C: Osteichythes

     C: Amphibia

     C: Reptilia

     C: Aves

     C: Mammalia

Term

Organization

 

P: Chordata

Definition
Organ syste,
Term

Symmetry

 

P: Chordata

Definition

Bilateral Larvae

Bilateral adults (except Uruchordata)

Term

Embryonic Development

 

P: Chordata

Definition

triploblastic

deuterostome

intermediate, radial clevage

Term

Skeleton

 

P: Chordata

Definition

Endoskeleton: bone, cartilage, or other

axial and appendicular skeletons

Term

Locomotion

 

P:Chordata

Definition

complex muscle interactions

 

Term

Sensory/Nervous

 

P: Chordata

Definition

dorsal hollow nerve cord

complex array of sensory organs

Term

Digestion/Feeding

 

P: Chordata

Definition
vast array of feeding types
Term

Excretion/Osmoregulation

 

P: Chordata

Definition
kidneys/netaphrandia
Term

Circulation

 

P: Chordata

Definition

closed system

2-4 chambered heart

hemoglobin in/on blood

Term

Respiration

 

P: Chordata

 

 

Definition

gills, lungs, skin, air bladders

linked to circulatory system

Term

Reproduction

 

P: Chordata

Definition

Mostly dioecious

external or internal

larval stages in some aquatic groups

oviparous, ovoviviparous, viviparous

Term
Classification of tunicates, water squirts, ascidians
Definition

P: Chordata

SP: Urochordata

Term

Only as a tadpole larvae does ______exhibit all 5 Chordate characteristics

 

Definition
SP: Urochordata
Term
This Sub-Phylum exhibits all 5 Chordate characteristics throughout its life cycle
Definition
SP: Cephalochordata
Term
Organisms of this Sub-Phylum exhibit all 5 Chordate characteristics at some point during their life
Definition
SP: Vertebrata/Craniata
Term
have an outer epidermis that is often modified into special structures like scales or feathers
Definition
SP: Vertebrata/Craniata
Term

Which Class?

 

hagfish and lampreys

Definition

P: Chordata

SP: Craniata

C: Agnatha

Term
Extant "jaw-less" fishes
Definition

C: Agnatha

 

  • sucker-like oral disc
  • no scales or paired appendages
  • no stomach, only intestine
Term
Have a 2-chambered heart
Definition

C: Agnatha

C: Chondrichthyes

C: Osteichythes

Term

Which class?

 

sharks, skates, and rays

 

"the cartilaginous fishes"

Definition

P: Chordata

SP: Craniata

C: Chondrichthyes

Term
Heterocercal tail
Definition

assymetrical

 

present on C: Chonrichthyes

Term
This Class of the Chordata do not have a swim bladder
Definition
C: Chondrichthyes
Term
Males with claspers for internal fertilization
Definition
C: Chondrichthyes
Term
Denticles
Definition
Class Chindrichthyes skin is covered in dermal toothlike "placoid" scales made od dentin which are modified anteriorly to form rows of irreplacable teeth
Term
Lateral Line System
Definition

present in sharks

 

fluid filed sensory canals with tiny hair-like receptors to detect vibrations

Term
ampullae of Lorenzini
Definition

present in sharks

 

for detection of weak electrical fields

 

Term
Oviparous
Definition
lay eggs
Term
Ovoviviparous
Definition
eggs develop and hatch inside or soom after laying with no nourishment from mom
Term
Viviparous
Definition
live-bearing, get nourishment from mom
Term

Which class?

 

"the bony fishses"

Definition
C: Osteichythes
Term
Homocercal Tail
Definition

symmetrical tail

present in Class Osteichythyes

Term
Swim Bladder
Definition
filled with gas for buoyancy
Term
Myomere
Definition

adaption to locomotion in water for Osteichythes

 

muscle bands for powerful, controlled swimming

Term
Hypersomatic regulators
Definition

includes freshwater fishes

 

warer gain and salt loss can occur across the gills: kidneys pump out excess water and salt-absorbing cells in gills counteract salt loss

 

 

Term
Hyposomatic Regulators
Definition

occurs in saltwater fishes

 

water loss and salt gain: "drink" seawater and salt secretory cells in gills

Term
Protandry
Definition
mala first
Term
Protogyny
Definition
female first
Term
Sequential Hermaphrodites
Definition
may change sexes during their life
Term
Homolgy
Definition
similaarity caused by shared ancestry
Term
Homologous Structures
Definition
ones with a common evolutionary origin, but whose functions may have changed over time
Term
Analogous Structures
Definition

similar function but evolved independantly

 

(like insect wings)

Term
Vestigial Structures
Definition

"remnants" of once functional ancestral structures

 

(Exampl: the human appendix, tail bone, goose bumps)

Term
Tetrapods
Definition
4 limbs
Term

Which class?

 

amphibians, toads, salmanders

Definition
C: Amphibia
Term
Have a 3-chambered heart
Definition

C: Amphibia

C: Reptilia

Term
The Amniotic Egg
Definition

allows reporduction away from water

 

birds, reptiles, and mammals have amniotic eggs

Term

Which Class?

 

lizards, snakes, turtles, alligators, and crocodiles

Definition
C: Reptilia
Term
Have a Kinetic Skull
Definition
llizards and snakes
Term
Convergent Evolution
Definition
when different species evolve to look similar not becasue of common ancestry but because they evolved similar adaptions in reponse to livin similar lifestyles
Term
Which class has temperature dependant sex determination?
Definition
C: Reptilia
Term
Ectothermic Vertebrates
Definition

C: Agnatha

C: Amphibia

C: Reptilia

Term
Endothermic Vertebrates
Definition

C: Aves

C: Mammalia

Term
Have a 4-chambered heart
Definition

C: Aves

C: Mammalia

 

***crocadillians from Class Reptilia have a 4-chambered heart as well***

Term
Adaptions snakes have to being limbless
Definition

adaption to burrowing

variety of feeding types: swallow live prey, constrict prey, venemous

Term
Flying birds have a _____ sternum
Definition
keeled
Term
Flightless birds have a _____ sternum
Definition
flat
Term
Adaptions birds have for flying
Definition
  • lightweight bony skeleton with air cavities
  • 4 limbs with forelimbs modified into wings
  • in most species, femal only have left ovary in order to reduce weight
Term
Have lungs and air sacs
Definition
C: Aves
Term
Have exaggerated traits that arise from sexual selection
Definition
C: Aves
Term

Which of the major Eukaryotic taxa includes the ciliates?

A. Excavata

B. Alveolata

C. Unikonts

D. Animalia

E. Fungi

 

Definition
A. Excavata
Term

The Plasmodium body form is a characteristic of which of the following?

A. Sponge

B. Ameoba

C. Nematoda

D. Slime Mold

E. Mollusca

Definition
D. Slime Mold
Term

The opening through which water exits the sponge

A. Ostium

B. Mesohyl

C. Nematocyt

D. Osculum

E. Spongoceal

 

Definition
D. Osculum
Term

Which larval type is typical to the Cnidarians?

A. Planula

B. Velliger

C. Trochophore

D. Nauplius

E. Bipinnaria

Definition
A. Planula
Term

Which of the following is not a feeding structure?

A. Lophophore

B. Choanocytes

C. Mandible

D. Corona

E. Mesohyl

 

Definition
E. Mesohyl
Term

The structure used to attach a cestode to its host is known as

A. Rostellum

B. Proglotidd

C. Madreporite

D. Sucker

E. Ossicle

Definition
A. Rostellum
Term

The Rhyanchocoel is a characteristic of which phylum?

A. Nematophora

B. Nemertina

C. Acanthocephala

D. Rotifera

E. Arthropoda

 

Definition
B. Nemertina
Term

Which of the following phyla has a pseudocoel?

A. Porifera

B. Nematoda

C. Mollusca

D. Cnidarie

E. Platyhelminthes

Definition
B. Nematoda
Term

Circular and longitudinal muscles can compress the body cavity in several phyla to form the

A. gut

B. Siphon

C. Hydrostatic skeleton

D. lung

C. tentacle

Definition
C. Hydrostatic Skeleton
Term

Torsion is typical of which class of Mollusca?

A. Gastropoda

B. Bivalvia

C. Scaphapoda

D. Cephalopoda

E. Polyplacaphora

Definition
A. Gastropoda
Term

Torsion refers to which of the following?

A. coiling of the shell

B. reduction of the shell

C. development of tentacles

D. development of segments

E. twisting of the body cavity

Definition
E. twisting of the body cavity
Term

A filter-feeding mollusk is most likely a member of which class?

A. Gastropoda

B. Bivalvia

C. Cephalopoda

D. Scaphapoda

E. Polyplacaphora

Definition
C. Bivalvia
Term

A land-living snail would be a memeber of which sub-class?

A. Ophisthobranchia

B. Pulmonata

C. Scaphapoda

D. Polychaeta

E. Nudibranchia

Definition
B. Pulmonata
Term

The shell of the mollusk is secreted by which structure?

A. Mantle

B. Siphon

C. Pen

D. Mantle Cavity

E. Gill

Definition
A. Mantle
Term

Arthropoda are most closely relates to which of the following?

A. Nematoda

B. Annelida

C. Onycophora

D. Platyhelmithes

E. Rotifera

Definition
C. Onycophora (the velvet worms)
Term

Cryptobiosis is a characteristic of which of the following?

A. Tardigrada

B. Onycophora

C. Chelicerata

D. Asteroidea

E. Polyplacaphora

Definition
A. Tardigrada
Term

Which extant class of Arthropoda lack mandibles?

A. Trilobita

B. Hexapoda

C. Crustacea

D. Chelicerata

E. Myripoda

Definition
D. Chelicerata
Term

The fusion and specialization of metameres is known as

A. Cephalization

B. Segmentation

C. Diffusion

D. Tagmosis

E. Complete Development

Definition
D. Tagmosis
Term

Which group of Crustacea are sessile filter feeders as adults?

A. Malacostraca

B. Cirripedia

C. Diplopoda

D. Ostracopa

E. Copepoda

Definition
B. Cirripedia
Term

The juvenille stage of the grasshopper is known as

A. Nauplius

B. Pupa

C. Larvae

D. Nymph

E. Chiton

Definition
D. Nymph
Term

Gas exchange in adult insects is carried through

A. book lungs

B. book gills

C. gills

D. Trachea

E. lungs

Definition
D. trachea
Term

Which phylum has secondarily evolved radial symmetry?

A. Cnidaria

B. Ctenophora

C. Echinodermata

D. Urochordata

E. Porifera

Definition
C. Echinodermata
Term

Which of the following is NOT a part of the Echinodermata water vascular system?

A. Madreporite

B. Stone canal

C. Radial Canal

D. Aristotle's Lattern

E. Tube Feet

 

Definition
D.  Aristotle's Lattern
Term

Which class of Echinodermata are stalked filter feeders?

A. Asteroidea

B. Holothuroidea

C. Ophiuroidea

D. Crinoidea

E. Echinoidea

Definition
D. Crinoidea
Term

The gas exchange structues of Echinoderms are

A. Pedicellaria

B. papullae

C. trachea

D. Spiracles

E. Ossicles

Definition
Term

Which of the following is not one of the 5 characteristics of the phylum Chordata?

a. ventral nerve cord

b. pharyngeal gill slits

c. notochord

d. endostyle/thyroid

e. post-anal tail

Definition
a. ventral nerve cord
Term

How many gill slits are present in lampreys?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 5

e. 7

Definition
e. 7
Term

In most vertebrates, the first 2 gill arches are modified to become

a. lungs

b. skull

c. jaws

d. larynx

e. ribs

Definition
c. jaws
Term

Which of the following is a part of the appendicular skeleton?

a. vertebrae

b. rib

c. skull

d. femur

e. mandible 

Definition
d. femur
Term

An organism that has internal fertilization and then holds its offspring inside the female until hatching with no placenta or other direct source of nutrition from the mother is said to be...

a. amniotic

b. placental

c. ovoviviparous

d. viviparous

e. oviparous

Definition
c. ovoviviparous
Term

One idea is that vertebrates may have evolved from a urochordate-like ancestor through the evolutionary process called...

a. cephalization

b. paedomorphosis

c. metamorphosis

d. tagmosis

Definition
b. paedomorphosis
Term
Paedomorphosis
Definition
retaining juvenille/larvae characteristics into adulthood
Term

Which chordate characteristic is present in adult Urochordata?

a. gill slits/arches

b. post anal tail

c. dorsal hollow nerve cord

d. notochord

e. planula larvae

Definition
a. gill slits/arches
Term

How many chambers in the heart of a lamprey?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

e. 5

Definition
b. 2
Term

How many chambers in the heart of a shark?

 

 

Definition
2
Term

How many chambers in the heart of a snake?

 

 

Definition
3
Term

How many chambers in the heart of an alligator?

 

Definition
4
Term

Which group of fish is most closely related to the tetrapods?

a. Agnatha

b. Chondrichthyes

c. Sarcopterygii

d. Actinopterygii

e. Osteiochythes

Definition
c. Sarcopterygii
Term

Which group of tetrapods has the pectoral girdle located inside of the rib cage?

a. Aves (birds)

b. Anura (frogs and toads)

c. Squamata (snakes and lizards)

d. Crocodillia

e. testudines (turtles)

Definition
e. testudines
Term

Annelida differ from Arthropds in which of the following ways?

a. segmentation

b. having both ectoparasitic and free-living taxa

c. having filter-feeding taxa

d. having a closed circulatory system

e. having metameres

Definition
d. having a closed circulatory system
Term

The front segment of the Polychaeta is known as the

a. peristomium

b. prostomium

c. pygidium

d. parapodium

e. notopodium

Definition
b. protostomium
Term

Which system is not segmented in the Annelida?

a. nervous

b. circulatory

c. digestive

d. excretory

e. muscular

Definition
c. digestive
Term

The Hirudinea differ from the Oligochaeta is which of the following ways?

a. Hirudinea lack internal septa

b. Hirudinea are ectoparasites/predators

c. Hirudinea have a short intestine

d. Hirudinea have suckers

e. all of the above

Definition
e. all of the above
Term

Which of the following groups was formerly considered its own phylum and is now part of the Annelida and is commonly found associated with deep sea vents?

a. Pogonophora

b. Echiura

c. Acanthocephala

d. Nemertina

e. Cirripedia

Definition
a. Pogonophora
Term

Which class of the Echinodermata have a madreporite on the oral surface?

 

Definition
the Ophiuroidea
Term
Which class of the Echinodermata have the ambulacral groove closed?
Definition
Echinoidea
Term

Chrometaphores are particualarly well-developed in which class of Mullusca?

 

Definition
Cephoalopoda
Term

What is the function of the chrometaphores?

 

Definition
color change
Term

The term lemmelibranch refers to...

 

Definition
modified gills of the Bivalvia
Term

What shared feature of Arthropoda and Tetrapoda allows for the use of antagonistic muscles?

a. exokeleton

b. endoskeleton

c. segmentation

d. jaw-like structures

e. jointed appendages

Definition
e. jointed appandages
Term
The Three Domains
Definition

Archaea

Eukaryote

Bacteria

Term
The Alveolates include...
Definition

Ciliates

Apicocomplexa (Sporozoan)

Dinoflagellates

Term
Which of the phyla are lophotrochozoans?
Definition

Platyhelminthines

Rotifera

Mollusca

Annelida

Term
Which phyla are Ecdysozoans?
Definition

Nematoda

Arthropoda

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