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animal body test
animal body test
67
Science
7th Grade
11/02/2009

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Term
sessile
Definition
an organism that can't move because it is usually attched to something.Ex:Barnicals, oysters, sponges, coral, sea anemone
Term
motile
Definition
an organism that can move; they aren't attched to anything.Ex:Humans, protozoans, sea urchine, rat, sharks, birds
Term
Unicellular
Definition
an organism that is only composed of one cell. Can't be seen without a microscope Ex:Euglena, Paramecium, amoeba, yeast, bacteria
Term
Multicellular
Definition
an organism that is made of 2 or more cells put together. Ex:cats, slugs, humans, mice, frogs, snake, goldfish
Term
endothermic
Definition
(warm blooded) an organism that can maintain a certain body temp all year round. only birds and mammles are endothermic. Ex:humans=98.6F, Rats=100F, Hummingbirds-105F
Term
ectothermic
Definition
(Cold Blooded)an organism that can not maintain a certain body temp. their temp changes with the environment. Need the sun to warm body/shade to cool body.Ex:Worms, slugs, protozoans, snakes, fish, lizards, goldfish
Term
Advantages to being endothermic
Definition
maintain same body temp--not dependent on environment(sun/shade)to heat/or cool body.
can move fast without being heated by the sun.
Term
disadvantages to being endothermic
Definition
takes a lot of energy to maintain body temp
have to eat alot of food to maintain body temp
Term
advantages to being ectothermic
Definition
can warm&cool body using the shade/sun--saves energy.
do not have to eat often --once a week/month because they save energy from not maintaining body heat.
Term
disadvantages to being ectothermic
Definition
dependent on environment to heat or cool body
often have to hibernate or estivate due to environment
can't move fast without warming body in sun
Term
vertebrate
Definition
an organism with a backbone(Spin). All amphibians, fish, reptiles, birds, and mammles are vertebrates.Ex:humans,cats, dogs, mice, shark, snake
Term
invertebrate
Definition
an organism without a backbone(spine). All protozoans, cnidarians, crustaceans, worms, all insects are invertebrates.Ex:Euglena, starfish, corals, Tapeworms
Term
autotrough
Definition
an organism that can produce its own food by using the sun to concertsolar energy into food. All plants , algae, and phtoplankton are autotrough. all have chlorophyll.Ex:Euglena, Volvox, moss, azaleas, cypress trees, grass
Term
Heterotrough
Definition
an organism that cannot produce its own energy from the sun ; they must eat each other organisms for energy. ex .... owl, human, rat, monkey, snail, fish
Term
herbivore
Definition
an organism that only eats plants. Ex:Snail, cow, sheep, horse, carp
Term
carnivore
Definition
an organism that only eats meat. Ex:lion, house cat, dog, wolf, fox, piranha, owl, hawk
Term
omnivore
Definition
an organism that eats both plant and animals. Ex:humans, bears, song birds, primates
Term
scavenger
Definition
eats anything dead or alive. Ex: raccoon, buzzard, fox, opossam
Term
decomposer
Definition
an organism that breaks downor eats dead organic material. Ex:mushrooms, mold, mildew, bacteria
Term
filter feeder
Definition
an organism that filters plankton of the water. Ex:sponges, oysters, coral, mariean worms
Term
hydroskeleton
Definition
an organism that has a fluid filled body. their "skeleton" is made of water(liquids). they have soft bodies. Ex:sponge, earthworms, tapeworm, sea anemone, slug, jellyfish, planarian
Term
exoskeleton
Definition
an organism that has skeleton on the outside of its body(shell). Ex:Crab, lobster, crawfish, shrimp
Term
endoskeleton
Definition
an organism with a skeleton on the insideof its body. Ex:Humans, horses, dogs, cats
Term
Bilateral symmetry
Definition
an organism that has an equal left and right side--you can split it down the middle and the 2 sides are mirror images. usally these are fast moving organisms.Ex:humans, dogs, cats, horses, beetle, lizard, cow, snake, slug, fish, shark, some sponges
Term
spherical symmetry
Definition
an organism that has a circular or round shape. Usually slow moving organism.Ex.: Diatom, yeast, cactus, radiolarians
Term
Asymmetrical symmetry
Definition
an organism that dosen't have any symmetry--it is irregular shaped. Usually slow moving or sessile.Ex: amoebas, fiddler crabs, some sponges, some coral, flounder
Term
radial symmetry
Definition
an organism that has a center disc and all body parst radiate(come out of) the center. Many are sessile; if motile they are very slow moving organism.Ex: starfish, sea anemone, sea urchine, jellyfish, some sponges
Term
segmented
Definition
an organism that has a body that is divied into sec. or divied, Advantages- you can live if you are cut into pieces.Ex: earthworm, leech, tapeworm, crab, shrimp, lobster, beetle, millipede
Term
nonsegmented
Definition
an organism that dosen't have a body divided into sec or divided.Ex: humans, dogs, rats, horses, snails, snakes, slugs.
Term
dorsal
Definition
vertebrates--side with backbone; invertabrates--top side or side opposite to mouth(aboral)
Term
vetral
Definition
vertabrates--side with abdomen; invertabrates--underside; or side with mouth(oral)
Term
anterior
Definition
end of body with head and/or sensory organs.
Term
posterior
Definition
end of body with anus.
Term
caudal
Definition
only refers to aquatic animals with tails-- tail is the caudal end
Term
camouflage
Definition
when an organism blends into its environment. very hard see. this is to hide from predators and catch pray.Ex:rattlesnakes, sharks, flounders, lizards, chameleons.
Term
warning coloration
Definition
when a DANGEROUS animal has a color or color combination that signals danger in nature. These bright colors or combination:black&white; black&yellow; black&red; black&orange; animal Ex:black widow spider, killer whale, panda bear, tiger, monarch butterfly, coral snakes.
Term
mimicry
Definition
when a NON DANGEROUS animal copies the coloration of a dangerous animal or when a animal tries to fool predators with optical illusions.Ex: Eyspots on moth wings, penguin, king snake, painted lady butterfly.
Term
hermaphrodite
Definition
an organism with both male and female sex organs. this is usually fount in sessileor slow moving organisms because they can't easily find a mate. Instead they release egg or sperm cells into the air or water and fertilize the eggs of another individual. They can't fertilize their own eggs.Ex:earthworms, sponges, coral, tapeworms, starfish, and many plants.
Term
budding
Definition
asexual reproduction in which an organism forms a bulge on it's owm side; the bulge grows then pinches oof to form a new adult.Ex: yeast, sponges, sea anemone, hydra.
Term
fragmintation
Definition
asexual reproduction in which a piece of the organism breaks off and piece forms a new adult.Ex:starfish, sponges, tapeworm, planarian
Term
binary fission
Definition
asexual reproduction in which a singal celled organism splits into 2 new adults.Ex: amoeba, eugula, viruses, bacteria
Term
internal sexual reproduction
Definition
when the egg is fertilized inside of the female body.Ex: humans, lions, snakes, chickens
Term
external sexual reproduction
Definition
when the egg is fertilized outside of the females body. the females lay the eggs and then the male fertilizes them outside her body.Ex: bass, catfish, frogs, salmon, salemander
Term
innate behavior
Definition
a behavior that is inherited, you automatically know how to do it(instinct); you don't leanr the behavior.Ex:migration, hibernation, mating, eating, making bubble noises walking crying
Term
learned behavior
Definition
a behavior that is taught to an organism; you're not born knowing how to do it. Ex:washing your food; table manners; raising your hand before talking, learning a language, playing football
Term
estivation
Definition
when an animal goes into hiding and slows down its bodily functions during the summer. This happenswhen it is extremly hot and it is difficult to find food or easy to get over heated/dry out. Ex:frog/toads burry themselves in the mud during a drought
Term
hibernation
Definition
when an animal goes into hiding and slows down its bodily functionsduring the winter. this happens when it is extremly cold and it is difficult to find food. Ex:polar bears, grizzly bears
Term
migration
Definition
when an animal travels long distancesto find food, find a mateor to have offspring. Ex:ducks, geese, whales, salmon, hummingbirds
Term
biological clock
Definition
long term(monthly or yearly), innate, natural cycle. Ex:estivation, migration, hibernation, child bearing years, menopause.
Term
circadian rhythem
Definition
a short term or daily natural cycle. Ex:hunger cycle; sleep cycle, daily moods.
Term
open circulatory system
Definition
blood isn't contained in blood vessles; blood just flows through the body and orans. Ex:jellyfish, tapeworms, sponges, most insects.
Term
closed circulatory system
Definition
blood is contained in blood vessles(anteries and veins) Ex:humans, earthworms, dogs, cats
Term
ectoderm
Definition
outer most body layer(Skin)
Term
mesoderm
Definition
middle body layer(muscles and fat)
Term
endoderm
Definition
inner most body layer(internal organs)
Term
nocturnal
Definition
organismsthat are active at night ; sleep during the day. Ex:owls, mice, rats, bats, rabbits, hampsters, cats, deer, snakes.
Term
diurnal
Definition
organisms that are active during the day;sleep at night. Ex:humans, horses, dogs, bluebirds, cows, and squirrles.
Term
Territory
Definition
an area where an organism lives, hunts, breeds, and raises their young.
Term
3 ways they protect their territory:
Definition
making noises, marking their territory with pheromones, body language, fighting
Term
body language
Definition
using your body to show emotions, showing teeth, ruffling fur or other features, starring down, rising or lowering ears, wagging tail
Term
making noises
Definition
barking, growling, howling, purring, or grunting
Term
marking their territory with pheromones
Definition
smells(urine, feces, misk, antler marks, claw marks)
Term
courtship rituals
Definition
dances, moving antenna etc.
Term
pheromones
Definition
chemically produced odors that an organisum can produce
Term
the 4 main reasons of pheromones
Definition
attract a mate, scare a predator, mark their territory, signal danger/fear
Term
advantages of animals living in a group
Definition
safer living in a group--numbers protect each other, hunt together--kill more or larger prey than individually, find mates easier, protect their young together
Term
disadvantages of animals living in a group
Definition
share food with other members of the group, compete for mates, diseases spread faster, attracts prdators
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