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Animal Biology
Chapter 33 Slides
22
Biology
Undergraduate 2
01/17/2011

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Term
Lophotrochozoa
Definition
growth through constant skeletal extension
Term
Ecdysozoa
Definition
growth through molting (shedding skeleton)
Term
lophophore
Definition
"Tuft-bearer" Ciliated tentacles functioning in filter (i.e., suspension) feeding
Term
trochophore
Definition
Larva with a ring of cilia around its middle
Term
Rotifers
Definition
Bilaterrally symmetric, triploblastic, pseudocoelomic protostomes. Dependent on Corona for movement and feeding.
Term
Platyhelminthes
Definition
"flatworms" Bilaterrally symmetric, triploblastic, acoelomic protostomes.
Term
3 classes of Platyhelminthes
Definition
Turbellarians: free-living, blind gut
Cestodes: tapeworms (endo-parasitic), direct absorption (no mouth)
Trematodes: flukes (endo-parasitic), ex: Schistosoma, blind gut.
Term
Annelids
Definition
"Segmented Worms" - Bilaterally symmetric, triploblastic, coelomic, protostomes.
Term
Polychaetes
Definition
(“many bristles”) Feed by deposit feeding, suspension feeding, or predation
Move by hydrostatic skeleton & chaetae (or setae) on parapodia
Reproduction is sexual or asexual
Term
Oligochaetes
Definition
(“few bristles”) Deposit feeders
Move via hydrostatic skeleton
Reproduction is sexual with internal fertilization (hermaphroditic)
Term
Hirudinea
Definition
(leeches) Parasites, predators, and/or scavengers
Named for hirudin – an anticoagulant protein
Move by undulating using hydrostatic skeleton
Reproduce by internal fertilization (hermaphroditic)
Term
Mollusks
Definition
Bilaterally symmetric, triploblastic, coelomic protostomes.
Term
3 body part components of Mollusks
Definition
Muscular foot – movement (reduced coelom)
Visceral mass – internal organs and gills
Mantle – often secretes CaCO3 shell
Term
Bivalves
Definition
(clams, mussels, scallops, oysters) 2 hinged shells made of CaCO3. Most extensive fossil record for any macroscopic lineage.
Suspension feeders-
Gills function in feeding and respiration,
Current produced by siphon,
Only mollusk group to lack a radula.
Movement-
Clams burrow with their muscular foot,
Scallops swim,
Mobile trochophore larvae.
Sexual reproduction (external fertilization).
Term
Gastropods
Definition
(snails, slugs, nudibranchs) “Belly-foot”: Named for muscular foot on ventral side
Except for snails, lack a shell
Feed via radula (Rasp covered with chitin “teeth”)
Undulating contractions = move by gliding
Sexual reproduction with internal fertilization
Term
4 major classes of mollusks
Definition
Bivalves (clams, mussels)
Gastropods (snails, slugs)
Polyplacophorids (chitons)
Cephalopods (squid, octopus)
Term
Polyplacophora
Definition
(chitons) “Many-plate-bearing”: all chitons have 8 dorsal CaCO3 plates.
Feed by using radula to scrape algae.
Move by gliding on muscular foot.
Sexual reproduction with external fertilization.
Term
Cephalopods
Definition
(squid, nautilus, octopus) “Head foot”: well developed head & foot modified into tentacles,
Shells are reduced or absent (except nautilus),
Very large brains and image forming eyes.
Predators-
Hunt by sight,
Use radula and beak to bite,
Squid and octopus inject poison.
Swim via undulation or jet propulsion.
Sexual reproduction with internal fertilization.
Term
Protostome Phyla's
Definition
Lophotrochozoa-
Rotifers
Platyhelminthes
Annelids
Mollusks
Ecdysozoa-
Nematodes
Arthropods
Term
4 features of protostomes
Definition
Mouth first development. triploblastic. bilaterally symmetric. Acoelomic, Pseudocoelomic, or Coelomic.
Term
Monophyletic
Definition
all share one common ancestor that had that trait
Term
Polyphyletic
Definition
no single common ancestor has that trait (Rotifers & Nematodes pseudocoelom, Annelids & Arthropods & Chordatas segmentation, Platyhelminthes aceolom.
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