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| Behavior that raises the fitness of another individual at the expense of the altruist's personal fitness. Actor fitness decreased, recipient fitness increased. (Actor increased fitness(delayed), Recipient increased fitness) |
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| Altruist expect a future benefit from initial sacrifice (must be small number of individuals, together for extended period of time) |
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| Both helper and recipient have fitness gains due to interaction. (Actor increased fitness, Recipient increased fitness) |
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| Probability that two individuals share allele through common descent - actual genes not shared (all humans share ALL genes) |
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| If you help relatives enough and don't hurt yourself too much in the process, you could gain fitness through helping them produce their kids - overall fitness is greater. |
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| Increased fitness for actor and decreased fitness for recipient |
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| Decreased fitness for actor and decreased fitness for recipient. |
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| Kin selection/inclusive fitness, or selfish |
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| Males stay longer than females, offer territorial defense, foraging. |
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| Immature females help with offspring, not always related, sometimes attempt to take infant away from mother. |
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| Immature females gain experience |
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| Maintains and reasserts dominance relationships. Cements social bonds, it's either cooperation or selfish. Birds and mammals. |
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| Interact, cooperate, to gain access to females. Two pairs of male take over group of women. Cheetahs-inclusive fitness. Baboons - reciprocal altriusm. Lions - cooperation. |
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| helping - behavior benefits donor's own survival/reproduction (parental care, reciprocal altruism) |
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| Behavior at a cost to donor's fitness. |
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| Example of altruism in humans we benefit from donating blood not because we may benefit from blood donations, but because we feel better about ourselves when we do good deeds. |
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| Cats(Felis catus) - general |
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| Male plays little or no role in parental care. Some are social. Social behavior from mother - family origin. Courtship and pair-bond short term. Cats are crepuscular(most active at dawn and dusk) Have retractable clas and directly register. |
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| Several times a year, Induce ovulators; penis has backward-pointing spines that scrape wall of vagina on withdawal - stimulates. |
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| Master hunters, saliva chemistry acts as deodorant. Hunt alone. |
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