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| The cell created by the combination of two gametes, where the nuclei of the gametes are fused together. Earliest stage of diploid generation. |
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| Young plant sporophyte contained within protective seed. |
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| Descending from one species. |
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| Division of one diploid cell to produce four haploid daughter cells. |
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| Diploid phase which produces spores. Contains two sets of chromosomes |
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| Multicellular haploid phase which produces gametes. |
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| Plants that do not produce flowers or fruits. |
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| By mitosis, male gametophytes are produced by this, which then produce male gametes(sperm). |
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| By mitosis, female gametophytes are produced by this, and then female gametes are produced (eggs). |
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| The number of known angiosperms. |
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| Land plants which have flowers and fruits. |
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| Contains the ovules, and is located in the flower. |
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| Angiosperm reproduction where the nuclei of two sperm fertilize one egg. One sperm's nucleus combines with the egg nucleus to produce a zygote, while the second sperm's nucleus combines with the egg's two polar nuclei to produce the first cell of the triploid endosperm (which will nourish the embryo during growth). |
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| Male sex organs which contain the developing male gametophytes. |
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| Plants which contain male and female reproductive organs. |
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| Plants which bear female only or male only flowers. Like American Holly. |
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| Female gametophytes. Develop in megasporangia. |
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| Organization and spatial distribution of cells into tissues and organs. |
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| Typically narrow leaved plants like grass, lilies, orchids, or palms. |
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| Typically broad-leaved, like maple, soy, roses, sunflowers. |
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| Specialization of the cell. |
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| Equivalent to human stem cells, replace lost cells in plants. |
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| Consists of stems, leaves, and flowers. |
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| Transports nutrients throughout plant. |
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| The process in which a single eukaryotic cell splits into two, maintaining the same chromosome number in the daughter cells by splitting the original mitotic cell. |
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| Possessing all the genetic information to form an entire individual. |
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| Having the ability to form a limited number of cells. |
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| Having the ability to form all cells in the body. |
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| Arrangement of cells and tissues along main axis from root to shoot. |
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| Concentric arrangement of the tissue systems. |
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| Most common ground tissue cells. They have large vacuoles and relatively thin cell walls. They perform photosynthesis in the shoot and store protein in fruits and starch in roots. |
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| Elongated cells with thick walls. They provide supports. |
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| Thick walled cells enforced with lignin. They mostly undergo apoptis, but leave their supportive call walls. |
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| Relatively rigid support cells, such as in wood. Often form bundles. |
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| May pack together, have different shapes, like nut shell. |
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| Transports minerals and water from roots to rest of plant. |
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| Spindle-shaped cells which have pits (thinner regions within cell wall), involved in transport. Contained in xylem. |
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| Large in diameter. Meet end-to-end and allow for free flow of water. |
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| Usually living cells. Transports carbs from production sites to sites where they are used or stored. |
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| Meet end-to-end, connecting at a set of pores called a sieve plate. Accompanied by active companion cells. |
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