Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Anesthetics
Pharm test 2
21
Nursing
Graduate
05/30/2012

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
two categories of anesthesia
Definition
general and regional/local
Term
general anesthesia
Definition
induces a state of unconsciousness and varying amounts of analgesia, amnesia, muscle relaxation and loss of reflexes.
Term
regional or general anesthesia
Definition
blocks pain sensations to specific areas of the body without loss of consciousness.
Term
pre-op nursing resp.
Definition
complete a focus assessment
This will cover the patient’s experiences with anesthesia.
Especially pay attention to a past history of malignant hyperthermia (a often fatal condition with anesthesia induction that results in a severe hyperthermic condition).
Pay particular attention to the med history.
All the paperwork must be obtained before the pre-op meds are administered.
Term
intra-operative phase
Definition
Nursing responsibility: the maintenance of safety, physiologic monitoring, and psychological support for the patient.
Ensure the client is positioned and stays positioned properly to avoid nerve damage (the brachial, radial, ulnar and perineal nerves are most likely to be damaged).
Continuously monitor for S/S of malignant hyperthermia.
Term
post-op phase
Definition
The immediate objective is to assist the patient with recovery from the anesthesia.
Continuously assess: ABC’s, metabolic state (skin integrity, I & O, IV’s, etc.), and general state (muscle strength and response, bowel sounds, incision, positioning, pain level, consciousness level and ability to communicate). Education: this is the key for patient safety, inform patients not to perform tasks that may require quick thinking until effects of anesthesia are completely diminished.
Avoid using alcohol within 24 hours of anesthesia
Prepare them for some degree of psychomotor and sensory impairment after surgery.
Term
types of general anesthetics
Definition
inhalation and intravenous
Term
inhalation anesthetics
Definition
-ane. very controlled. easy to recoup.
volatile), gases or liquids that can be administered as gases.
They are complete anesthetics
Provide a controllable anesthetic state
Allergic reactions are rare
Can be reversed quickly because their concentrations are lessened with expired air

Halothane (Fluothane)
May sensitize the myocardium, therefore intra-op and post-op monitor for cardiac dysrhythmias.
Term
intravenous anesthetics
Definition
not esay to control, 1/2 life is long.
May be used as an adjunct with inhalation anesthetics.
They decrease the amount of inhaled anesthetic required and this may alleviate some emotional distress due to the patient not having to have the tight mask on while still conscious.
Term
IV meds used
Definition
May use ultra-short acting barbiturates:
Sodium pentathol (truth serum)
Rapid onset
Recovery may result with shivering and trembling
Non-barbiturates may be utilized:
Versed, valium, & ativan
Other IV anesthetics:
Propofol (Diprivan)
Term
pre-anesthetic adjunctive agents
Definition
Narcotic analgesics (reduce anxiety and pain)
Morphine, Demerol
Anti-nausea meds:
Phenergan
Skeletal muscle relaxants:
succinylcholine
Term
local anesthesia meds
Definition
Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
injected, topically or inhaled
Term
local anesthesia administration
Definition
May be injected into tissues to produce an immediate localized effect.
May be injected in or around a nerve or nerve trunk to effect a larger region of the body (spinal or epidural)
This may also be achieved by freezing (however if frozen too long the tissue may be destroyed)
Term
local anesthesia how it works
Definition
Local anesthetics stop axonal conduction by blocking sodium channels which brings stops the conduction of sensation
Term
Often the local anesthetics are given with a vasoconstrictor such as:
Definition
epinephrine, to help decrease the local blood flow and delay systemic absorption of the “local” anesthetic. They will, however, become absorbed to the systemic circulation and in sufficient amounts can cause CNS delays/problems (respiratory depression).
Term
local anesthetic nursing considerations
Definition
Assess the patient for past responses to the anesthetic.
Continuously assess level of pain, consciousness, and ABC’s
Use minimal amounts to achieve anesthesia.
Have resuscitative equipment nearby at all times.
Term
local anesthetic SE/AR
Definition
SE/AR/Precautions:
Assess for local irritation
Assess for systemic toxicity
Cardiovascular effects (esp. with Cocaine or if they are absorbed systemically)
CNS problems esp. if absorbed systemically
Term
Injectable anesthesia:
Definition
conduction and epidural block
Term
conduction block
Definition
injected into the vicinity of a nerve trunk to inhibit the conduction of impulses to and from the area supplied by that nerve.
Term
epidural block
Definition
injected into the epidural space (lies just outside the sub-arachnoid space)
Causes loss of sensation, keeps motor skills intact
birth- can keep motor skills and can push. but pain is blocked.
Term
spinal block
Definition
pain and motor functions to cease. produced by gravity drainage, therefore if the med reaches the top of the head, a severe headache, N&V and backache post-op.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!