Term
|
Definition
are fat soluble and duration of
action depens on :
redistribution blood to fat to blood (fast) and metabolism in liver (slow) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fast initial redistribution to fat,
i.e., short initial plasma half-live
Slow metabolism in liver, i.e., long eliminaiton half-life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Interact with post-synaptic GABAa receptors to decrease dissociation of GABA.
Also mimic action of GABA
Hyperpolarize post-synaptic cells |
|
|
Term
Methohexital (Brevital)
Thiamyl (Surital)
Thiopental (Pentothal) |
|
Definition
Ultra-short acting:
induce anesthesia about 1 min after IV injection |
|
|
Term
Amobarbital (amytal)
Pentobarbital (Nemubtal)
Secobarbital (Seconal)
Tunial (amobarbital/secobarbital)
Butalbital (Fiorinal) |
|
Definition
| Short & Intermediate Acting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Short & Intermediate acting
drugs of abuse
used for Insomnia and Preoperative sedation |
|
|
Term
Phenobarbital (Luminal)
Mephobarbital (Mebaral) |
|
Definition
Long Acting Barbiturates
Used for:
Daytime sedation
Tx of seizure disorders |
|
|
Term
| Other clinical uses: Barbiturate Coma |
|
Definition
Treatment of Increased Intracranial Pressure
Cerebral Protection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Side Effects:
Depression of Medullary vasomotor center: decreased BP and increased HR
Depression of medullary and pontine ventilatory centers
Chronic use: tolerance to other GABA mediated drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anxiolysis
Sedation
Anticonvulsant actions
Muscle relaxation mediated via spinal cord
Anteregrade amnesia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Enhance action of GABA on receptors
Sedation and anxiolysis are mediated by different subunits on the receptors |
|
|
Term
Flurazepam
Temazepam
Triazolam
Used for sleeep-onset insomnia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sedation in anesthesia and critical care by infusion or bolus
Pediatric sedation by p.o syrup
Injectable solution is water based: no pain on injection |
|
|
Term
Alprazolam
Chlordiazepoxide
Clorazepate
Diazepam
Lorazepam
Clonazepam |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical Uses of Longer Acting Benzodiazepines |
|
Definition
Insomia in patients with daytime anxiety
Relieve muscle spasm and hypertonicity
Anticonvulsants (clorazepate, diazepam, clonazepam) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Benzodiazephines, Barbiturates, and Alcohol act on Gaba receptors by different mechanisms: synergy of action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Benzodiazepines used in barbiturate and alcohol withdrawal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fatique and drowsiness
Dependence
Psychological (addiction)
Physical (withdrawal syndrome)
Respiratory depression
Diazepam--->Midazolam
Decreased BP
Diazepam--->Midazolam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Specific and exclusive benzodiazepine antagonist
Very weak intrinsic activity may attenuate signs of abrupt withdrawal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Isopropyl IV anesthetic
White liquid dissolved in lipid: Infection Hazard after 6 hrs
Potentiation of GABAa and glycine receptors
Rapid onset, short duration of action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Elimination half-life 30min-2hr
Painful on injection
Steep dose-response curve to apnea and loss of airway reflexes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Negative Inotrope
Blunts baroreceptor response
Decrease arterial and venous tone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Related to Phencyclidine: dissociative anesthesia
Rapid onset
Powerful sedative and analgesis
Indirect release of Catecholamines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Calcium channel blocker: direct cardiac depression. May be masked by catechol release.
NMDA antagonist; also binds to mu receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sensation of unease and discomfort in the stomach with an urge to vomit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spasmodic respiratory movements against closed glottis with coordinated diaphram and abdominal contractions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Forceful expulsion of stomach contents through mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Abrupt vomitting without premonitory signs or nausea
Gastric outlet obstruction
Neurological disease |
|
|
Term
Vomition: autonomic nerve;
Output: SNS & PNS |
|
Definition
Increased salivation: mediated by parasympathetic NS
Sweating & increased HR by Sympathetic NS
Retroperistalsis of proximal gut esophagus. Relaxation of sphinter SNS & PNS |
|
|
Term
| What are short% Intermediate Acting? |
|
Definition
Amobarbital
Pentobarbital
Secobarbital
Tunial
Butalbital |
|
|
Term
| What are the indication of uses of short% Intermediate acting barbiturates? |
|
Definition
| Drug of abuse: for insomnia and preoperative sedation |
|
|
Term
| What are the indication for uses of long acting barbiturates? |
|
Definition
Phenobarbital
Methobarbital |
|
|
Term
| What are the indication for uses of long acting barbiturates? |
|
Definition
Used for Daytime sedation
Used for Seizure disorders |
|
|
Term
| What are other used: barbiturate coma? |
|
Definition
Treatment of Increased intracranial Pressure
Cerebral Protection |
|
|
Term
| What is the Effect uses for Benzodiazepine? |
|
Definition
Anxiolysis
Sedation
Anticonvulsant actions
Muscle Relaxation mediated via spinal cord
Anterograde amnesia |
|
|
Term
| What is mechanism action of Benzodiazepines? |
|
Definition
Enhance action of GaBa on receptors
Sedation and anxiolysis are mediated by different subunits on the receptors |
|
|
Term
| What is Antiemetics drug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Antiemetics drug used for? |
|
Definition
Anticholinergic
Especially for motion sickness relieves gut spasm; dries secretions
Drownsiness and delirium |
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