Term
| What was Charles Darwin's contribution to science? |
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Definition
| He wrote the Origin of the Species. He helped develop the theory of biological evolution. |
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Term
| What is biological evolution? |
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Definition
| How modern organisms evolved over long periods of time through descent from common ancestors. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of change over time. |
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Term
| What's the name of the vessel Darwin traveled on? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where did Darwin go during his travels on the HMS Beagle? |
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Definition
| Coast of Australia, tip of South Africa, coastline of South America, Galapagos Islands |
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Term
| What 3 patterns of biodiversity did Darwin note? |
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Definition
1. Different, yet ecologically similar, animal species inhabited separate, but ecologically similar habitats around the globe.
2. Different, yet related, animal species often occupied different habitats within a local area.
3. Fossils of extinct animals were similar to living species. |
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Term
| What are the 3 distinctive patterns of biological diversity that Darwin noticed? |
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Definition
1. Species vary globally
2. Species vary locally
3. Species vary over time |
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Term
| What was Darwin's evidence of "Species Vary Globally"? |
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Definition
| The 3 types of flightless birds that shared similar "niche". |
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Term
| What did patterns of geographic distribution mean to Darwin? |
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Definition
| Darwin noticed that different, yet ecologically similar, animal species inhabited separated, but ecologically similar, habitats around the globe. |
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Term
| What was Darwin's evidence of "Species Vary Locally"? |
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Definition
| Different animal adaptations in the Galapagos Islands. |
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Term
| What was Darwin's evidence of "Species Vary Over Time"? |
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Definition
| Fossils of extinct animals were similar to living species. |
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Term
| What did Hutton and Lyell conclude about Earth's history? |
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Definition
| Earth is extremely old and that the processes that changed Earth in the past are the same processes that operate in the present. |
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Term
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Definition
| Did Geology support Darwin's evidence? |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea that our planet's history stretches back over a period of time so long that is difficult for the human mind to imagine. |
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Term
| What is "uniformitarianism"? |
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Definition
| The idea that the geological processes we see in action today must be the same ones that shaped Earth millions of years ago. |
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Term
| How did Lamarck propose that species evolve? |
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Definition
| He suggested that organisms could change during their lifetimes by selectively using or not using various parts of their bodies. He also suggested that individuals could pass these acquired traits on to their offspring, enabling species to change over time. |
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Term
| What point of Lamarck was faulty? |
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Definition
| That all organism have an inborn urge to become more complex and perfect. This is incorrect. |
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Term
| What are acquired characteristics? |
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Definition
| Traits altered by an individual organism during its life. |
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Term
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Definition
| Passing of a trait from one generation to the next. |
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Term
| 3 valuable take-aways from Lamarck |
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Definition
1. Species are not fixed
2. Evolution occurs
3. Link between environment and body structures. |
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Term
| What was Malthus's view of population growth? |
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Definition
| If populations grew without check, natural resources or space would not be able to support it. |
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Term
| Forces that work against population growth: |
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Definition
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Term
| How is inherited variation used in artificial selection? |
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Definition
| Nature provides the variation, and humans select those they find useful. |
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