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| Concept of Gods in the shape of human beings |
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Concept of Gods with two natures
physical space and a god (such as Sky, Earth, Sea)
abstract concept and a god (such as Love, Victory, Envy) |
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| adaption of one culture's mythic beliefs by another culture |
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Areas in which gods are especially associated or where they have special power
Zeus - god of lightning
Ishtar - goddess of sexual desire |
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| a form of asexual reproduction found in females, where growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization by a male. |
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is the study of causation, or origination.
"Giving a reason for" |
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10 year battle between Olympians and Titans
Zeus is victorious with help of winds, thunderbolts AND the Hundred-handers
Zeus throws Titans into Tartaros |
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First Gods made a golden race - Lived in the time of Cronos - “lived like gods” - No sorrow or toil - Earth produced food without cultivation - When they died, they “went to sleep”
Called “pure spirits dwelling on the Earth”
Next, the gods made a silver race
“Like the golden race neither in body nor spirit”
Children for 100 years, adults for a short time
They sinned and wouldn’t sacrifice to the gods
Called spirits of the underworld by men
Next, Zeus made a bronze race out of ash trees
“brazen...terrible, strong”
Loved violence
Destroyed by their own hands
Next, Zeus made a race of heroes
“righteous, god-like”
Some died fighting at Thebes and Troy
Others were sent to the Blessed Isles by Zeus
Lastly, Zeus made a race of Iron
Contemporary
No rest from labor and sorrow
Good mingled with evils
Evil-doers are praised
Zeus will someday destroy this race also |
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| a marginal, usually male, character endowed with intelligence who mocks authority and holds a place between gods and men; as the bringer of new knowledge he may be punished but will not stop tricks. |
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| A mythical figure considered by a people to have furnished it the means of existence or survival, as by inventing their alphabet, teaching them husbandry, or stealing fire from the gods for them. |
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| is the hatred or dislike of women or girls. |
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1st: Age of Gold
2nd: Age of Silver
3rd: Age of Bronze
4th: Age of Iron |
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Giants threaten reign of Jupiter
Jupiter (aka Jove) destroys them with his thunderbolts
Earth is covered with the Giants’ blood
From the blood were born offspring in the shape of man
New race hated the gods |
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| the recognition of the existence of many gods, but with the consistent worship of only one deity |
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| is the belief in the existence of a single (one) god |
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| the vault or expanse of the sky. According to Genesis, God created the firmament to separate the oceans from other waters above. |
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| describes the tendency for human beings to regard themselves as the central and most significant entities in the universe |
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| maintains that the natural state of our universe should be preserved, without human attempts to terraform planets for human habitation. |
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| the first of three parts of the Tanakh, includes the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy |
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| Garden of Adam & Eve and tree of knowledge and serpent |
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| title used in many modern discussions of the ancient Egyptian rulers of all periods |
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| any attribution of human characteristics (or characteristics assumed to belong only to humans) to animals, non-living things, phenomena, material states, objects or abstract concepts, such as spirits or deities. |
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| Being partly bestial and partly human in form. |
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| one of the earliest known forms of written expression. Emerging in Sumer around the 30th century BC, cuneiform writing began as a system of pictographs. |
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| the concept where the soul or spirit, after the death of the body, is believed to return to live in a new human body, or, in some traditions, either as a human being, animal or plant. |
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| is the first part of Snorri Sturluson's Prose Edda after Prologue. The Gylfaginning deals with the creation and destruction of the world of the Norse gods, and many other aspects of Norse mythology. |
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| Death realm, hall in Asgard |
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| one of the Nine Worlds and is the country or capital city of the Norse Gods where Odin rules |
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| is one of the Nine Worlds and is an old Germanic name for our world and is the home of Humans, with the literal meaning "middle enclosure". |
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| an immense tree that is central in Norse cosmology. It was said to be the world tree around which the nine worlds existed. Its name is generally considered to mean "Ygg's (Odin's) horse". |
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| as the vast, primordial void that existed prior to the creation of the manifest universe |
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| a burning rainbow bridge that reaches between Midgard (the world) and Asgard, the realm of the gods |
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| the binding that holds the mighty wolf fenrir created by dwarves |
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“End of gods”, events leading to: death of the gods and the world’s destruction by fire
In mythic future, has not yet happened
Signs of Ragnarok coming:
3 winters, no summers
Humans turn wicked (war, murder, incest)
Sun and moon swallowed by wolves....originally just Fenrir? |
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“Hospitality” or guest/host relationship
Goes both ways, guest must also be gracious to host
Important concept for ancient Greeks
Lycaon violated this sacrosanct rule |
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| Mountain in which Deucalion survives with his wife and sister Pyrrha in Ovids The flood in metamorphoses |
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| Mountain in Gilgamesh that boat lands on in flood |
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| Mountain Noahs Ark came to rest on in Genesis |
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| Noah and Gods covenant stating there will never be another flood |
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12 Titans associated with Greek Creation
Children of Gaia and Ouranos in creation of Greek Universe |
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Freed by Zeus in Titanomachy to battles titans
Child of Gaia and Ouranos in creation of Greek Universe |
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| Children of Gaia and Ouranos in creation of Greek Universe |
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a deep, gloomy place, a pit, or an abyss used as a dungeon of torment and suffering that resides beneath the underworld
Zeus throws titants in during titanomachy |
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| was the primordial god of sexual love and beauty. |
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| God of Sky - Produced by Gaia - together produce children - titans, cyclops and hundred handers |
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| Titan and king of gods who creates olympian gods then attempts to destroy them |
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| Titan and Wife of Cronos - responsible for saving Zeus |
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Zeus’ first wife
Metis means cleverness
Prophecy, again
Zeus swallows the pregnant Metis
Athena is born from Zeus’ head |
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Name means “All gifts”
Punishment for mortals
Zeus orders Hephaestus to make her, fashions her out of earth and water
Other gods dress her and give her gifts
Hermes takes her to Epimetheus, who doesn’t heed his brothers advice
Pandora opens jar (NOT box) and releases evils and diseases upon the world |
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Son of Iapetus (Titan) and Klymene (daughter of Oceanus)
Name means “forethought”
Three brothers: Epimetheus (“after-thought”), Atlas, and Menoetios.
Tricks Zeus, Zeus is not happy about this. |
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"After Thought" brother of Prometheus
Son of Iapetus (Titan) and Klymene (daughter of Oceanus) |
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| Fresh Water (Enuma Elish) |
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| Ea (Akkadian) trickster associated with human creation |
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| Sky, Father of Ea, Plots to destroy world because of noise |
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Ea and Damkina produce Marduk
Marduk has “a double godhead”
So, he has 4 eyes and 4 ears
Also, he breathes fire
Anu gives 4 winds to Marduk |
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| Leader of 11 monsters created by Tiamat |
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| Yaweh (a name), after 538 it’s too holy to be written down |
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Egyptian king/pharaoh = incarnation of Horus
Hor = “distant one”
Associated with sky and sun
Falcon god
Two Horuses
Falcon/sun
Horus the child (son of Isis and Osiris) |
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| Apophis is a serpent and force of chaos (tries to consume sun each day as it passes by) |
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| Godess of war/destruction |
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| (craftsman god) is patron god of Memphis |
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| Common Themes in Creation |
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Chaos
Creator god
Cosmic architecture
Succession
Primordial waters |
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| Common themes: Flood Myth |
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God angry at humans
Sends flood to destroy life on earth
Another god warns one man to:
build a boat
put animals on it
Man and wife survive flood
Man sacrifices to gods
Gods regret sending flood |
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