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•Ca. 900 – 700 BCE
•Repopulation of mainland
•Setting up trade routes throughout Mediterranean with other nations
•City – States grow into individual powers
•Unified only by language, religion, and constant threat by outsiders
•Leadership by assembly
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Dipylon funerary vase
(Geometric Period)
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•Ca. 700 – 480 BCE
•Athens and Sparta dominate the region, constant threat by Persians (Cyrus, Darius)
•Setting up trade colonies due to high demand of goods (metals, ceramics, oils)
•Vast wealth and therefore many building projects – replacing mud brick with more permanent stone
•Time of great literature (Sappho, Aesop)
•Beginnings of Humanism
•Artists developing a following
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Definition
Temple of Hera, Paestum
(Archaic Period)
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Definition
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AnavysosKouros – Kroisos?
(Archaic Period) |
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Definition
PeplosKore
(Archaic Period)
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The Death of Sarpedon, Euphronios (painter), Euxitheos (potter), red-figure vase
(Archaic Period) |
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Term
| Early Classical Greek Period |
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Definition
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•ca. 479 – 450 BCE
•Defeat of the Persian navy (under Xerxes) at Salamis by Themosticles and forming of the Delian League (renewed patriotism), also the battle of Thermopylae
•Rebuilding process for Athens questioned
•Rationalism & Idealism (vs. Emotionalism)
-humanistic philosophy deepens
-based art on the ideal
•Use of models (male only), and observing the body’s reaction to pose (contrapposto)
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| High (Mature) Classical Greek Period |
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Definition
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•ca. 450 – 400 BCE
•Continued rebuilding (including the Acropolis)
•Pelopponesian Wars with Sparta (end in 401 BCE)
•Age of Perikles, Pheidias, Polykleitos, the Parthenon
•Polykleitos develops canon for ideal male nude
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Term
| Late (4th Century) Classical Period |
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Definition
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•ca. 400 – 300 BCE
•Perikles dies in 429 BCE, period of plague and war with Sparta causes a weakened Athens
•Athens again a free nation after brief Spartan occupation (404 BCE), but not as powerful
•Age of Aristotle (art copies nature for the ideal, mimesis) and Plato (art may use nature to create or recreate an ideal)
•Macedonian empire claims all of Greece under Philip and Alexander (the Great) by 338 BCE
•Alexander expands empire and spreads Greek art, philosophy, history throughout (Hellenism).
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•ca. 323 – 30 BCE (begins with death of Alexander, ends with death of Cleopatra and dominance of Roman Empire)
•Alexander’s empire split between powerful generals (Antigonus – Macedon/Greece; Seleucus – Mesopotania/Asia; Ptolemy – Egypt)
•Focus on emotion, drama, mortal events in arts (parallels interest in the theater)
•Pergamon/Pergamene style (emotion, action, Polykleitian ideal bodies)
•Use of the Corinthian order of architecture
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Parthenon, Iktinos & Kallikrates
(High (Mature) Classical Greek Period)
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Temple of Athena Nike by Kallikrates
High (Mature) Classical Greek Period
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Spear Bearer (Doryphoros), by Polykleitos,
Roman marble copy after bronze original
(High (Mature) Classical Greek Period) |
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Alexander the Great Confronts Darius III at the Battle of Issus, by Philoxenos of Eretria or Helen of Egypt
(Late (4th Century) Classical Period) |
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Hermes and the Infant Dionysos, Praxiteles, Temple of Hera, Olympia
(Late (4th Century) Classical Period)
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Aphrodite of Knidos, Praxiteles
Late (4th Century) Classical Period
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Definition
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The Scraper (Apoxyomenos),
Late (4th Century) Classical Period
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Definition
| Comparision of the 3 statues |
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Definition
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Laocoön, Hagesandros, Polydoros, and Athanadoros of Rhodes (1st C. BCE or 1st C. CE) - described by Pliny
Hellenistic Period
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