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| Egypt to Mesopotamia (Syria/Iraq) |
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| Both rivers deposit rich silt, good for growing crops |
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| All groups had this belief which is having many gods |
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| are all separate and independent from each other |
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| Temple built on a massive stepped tower |
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| Government gets power by divine or godly authority |
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| 1. kings; 2. priest; 3. priestesses |
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| 1. _____ get power from god = 2. _____ and 3. ______________ had a great deal of power |
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| 1. copper; 2. tin; 3. bronze; 4. bronze |
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| Good at metal work- discover that 1. _________ + 2. ____= 3. _______ (4. _______ Age) |
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| Nobles, Commoners, and Slaves |
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| Society had 3 groups; what were the 3 groups? |
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| 'wedged shaped'- system of writing |
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| 1. __________ seems to develop from a need to keep records |
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| 1. Epic of Gilgamesh; 2. immortality |
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| Most famous Sumerian literature is the 1. ___ __ _________- tried to show that 2. ____________ is only Gods |
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| considered 1st great work of literature in the world |
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| Wagon wheel, potter's wheel, sundial, math system based on 60..., arch, dome, bronze, and advances in astronomy |
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| Akkadians and Babylonians |
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| Akkadians were lead by who? |
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| 1st 1. ________ in World History- 2340 BC |
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| By 2100 BC- 1. ____________ fall to neighbors |
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| 1792 BC- City-state of 1. ____________ has strong new leader named 2. _________________ |
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| Babylonians gains 1. _____ and 2. _____ |
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| Falls after 1. _______________'s death in 1750 |
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| What is HUGE in importance to Egyptian Civ.? |
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| Upper Egypt- 1. _. Egypt; source of the 2. ____ |
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| Lower Egypt- 1. _. Egypt; empties into the 2. ________________ |
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| The Nile's flooding allowed farmers to create what? |
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| What was the Nile also served as up and down Egypt? |
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| N.= Mediterranean Sea; S.= Rapids; E/W= Desert |
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| Egypt was protected from all directions- which allowed for growth. |
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| 1. ______________- Sun, Earth, Rivers, Dead, etc. |
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| Rulers took the name "Son of Re". What does Re mean? |
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| The Egyptian Kingdoms divided into 3 eras. What are the 3 eras? |
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| 3100 BC- 1. ___ ______ united Upper and Lower Egypt |
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| Rulers passed on through family |
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| What years did the Old Kingdom start and finish in? |
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| Most common title for rulers |
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| 1. ___ like status- unlimited power |
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| Aided by Bureaucracy-Admin. and processes of government & a 1. ________- Steward of the land |
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| 1. Provinces; 2. Governors |
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| Divided the kingdom into 42 1. ____________ with 2. ____________ |
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| 1. Great Pyramids; 2. Sphinx |
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| Old Kingdom built the 1. ______ ___________ and the 2. ________ |
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| Believed in 2 bodes - physical and spiritual called 1. __ |
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| If physical body was preserved, 1. __ would return and continue life |
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| To achieve this they 1. _________ bodies |
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| Great Pyramids were built under King 1. _____ in 2540 BC |
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| Who was the 1st historian? Wrote it took 100,000 Egyptians for 20 years (big with Greek histories also) |
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| The Old Kingdom collapsed, followed by 1. ___ years of disorder |
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| 2055-1650 become "_______ Age" |
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| Expanded with _________ - Nubia to S.; Palestine; Syria |
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| Expanded with _______ - Kush; Syria; Mesopotamia |
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| Pharaohs seem more as 1. __________ or people than 2. _____ having concern and caring for their subjects |
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| What did they drain for farming? |
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| They built a canal between what river and sea? |
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| Middle Kingdom ends with invasion by _____- W. Asia people |
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| Horse drawn chariots and bronze weapons |
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| __________ eventually learned new tech and strategy from conquerers and use it to overthrow them= New Kingdom |
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| __________- one of the 1st women pharaohs |
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| ____________- created monotheistic (one god) worship of Aten- sun disk and changed name to Akhenaten |
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| Son of Akhenaten; Restored old gods |
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| __________- lead new offensive attacks but not uber successful |
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| ____________- tried to regain empire with allying with Romans |
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| Very structured- 1. ____ lower class; 2. ________ upper class |
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| What was general practice? (means 1 wife) |
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| _____________ but women were well respected |
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| Their property and inheritance |
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| What stayed with the women? |
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| What do the sons carry on in the family? |
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| ________________- form of writing used by Upper class, Priests, and some Middle class |
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| Hieroglyphics used complex sets of 1. ________ and 2. _________ forms- difficult to learn and write |
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| ______________- simplified version used by most/average Egyptians |
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| Advances in ____________, math, and arts |
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| 1. 365 day calendar; 2. Sirius |
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Definition
| Created 1. ____ ____ ________ base don the moon and the star 2. _________ that rose before flooding |
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| Math and astronomy was used to build what? |
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| Mummification lead to what knowledge? |
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| ________ __________- most important in creating new empires |
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| _____________________- one of the most important |
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| Greek, Latin, Persian, Sanskrit, and Germanic languages |
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| Indo Europeans refer to a group that spoke what languages? |
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| Black sea region; India, Europe, and Asia Minor (Turkey) |
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| Indo Europeans are found where in SW Asia? Moved to where? |
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| Indo Europeans formed what kingdom? |
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| Hittite Kingdom- created and empire in W. Asia and threatened ________ power |
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| The Hittite Kingdom was the first Indo Europeans to use what? |
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| Hittite Kingdom was destroyed by what people? |
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| The end of the Hittites and weakening of the Egyptians left room for what? |
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| Syria, Palestine, and Phoenicians |
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| What were the new kingdoms after the end of the Hittite Kingdom? |
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| ___________- lived in the are of Palestine along Mediterranean coast |
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| What was key for the Phoenicians? |
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| Purple dye, glass, and lumber |
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| What did the Phoenicians trade? |
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| What were the key cities/ports? |
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| Phoenicians were international sea traders, they found/used new routes in Mediterranean and Atlantic to get to 1. ______, and W. coast of 2. ______ |
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| _______- most famous colony in N. Africa |
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| Phoenicians were know best for their what? |
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| They used __ signs to represent the sounds of their speech. |
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| The Phonetic Alphabet was passed on to the Greeks; Greek's to _______ that we still use today |
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| ___________- S. of the Phoenicians |
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| Israelites were not huge politically but very huge _________ |
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| _________- Jewish belief that influenced XP (Christianity) and Islamic religions |
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| 1. Hebrew Bible; 2. Old Testament |
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| Most of their history and beliefs are found in the 1. ______ _____ or 2. ___ __________ |
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| They are descendants of who? |
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| Israelites migrated from Mesopotamia to where? |
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| The drought moved the Israelites where? |
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| The Israelites where then enslaved by who? |
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| Who leads the Israelites out of Egypt and back to Canaan? |
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| Israelites organized in tribes and created a united kingdom known as ______ (1200-1000 BC) |
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| Israelites had control over all land of Israel and made what the capital? |
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| 970 BC- ____________- best known for building a temple in Jerusalem |
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| _________ __ ______- 10 N. tribes; capital at Samaria |
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| ________ __ ______- 2 S. tribes; capital in Jerusalem |
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| ___________ overran Kingdom of Israel- "10 Lost Tribes" scattered and joined neighboring people |
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| Kingdom of Judah meet who? Which are the new who? |
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| Chaldeans defeated the ___________; destroyed Jerusalem; exiled the people of Judah- captives of Babylon |
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| Persians conquer and allow people of Judah to return and rebuild their temple until _________ ___ _______ in 300s BC |
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| _______- Jews were Monotheistic- one god |
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| All people are servants to God and have what with God? |
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| Created ______ but wasn't a part of it |
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| Admire _______ not worship them |
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| All different than what beliefs? |
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| _________- first new empire to rise up on the upper Tigris River using Iron |
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| By 700 BC, included Mesopotamia, ___, Asia Minor, Palestine, Egypt down the Thebes |
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| Assyrians had efficient what whit mail structure? |
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| Effective military- larger, strong, used chariots and ____ weapons |
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| 1. Chaldean; 2. Nebuchadnezzar; 3. Babylonia; 4. Persians |
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| After fall of Assyrians, 1. ______ king 2. _______________ II made 3. __________ the leading state which eventually fell to the 4. ___________ in 539 BC |
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| ___________- Indo Euro. nomads that lived in modern day SW Iran |
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| ___________- Member of one nomadic family that united the Persians, captured Babylon, and allowed Jews to return to Israel |
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| 1. Wisdom; 2. Compassion; 3. Mercy |
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Definition
| Demonstrated 1. _________, 2. ___________, and 3. __________ |
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| Demonstrated _______ for other civilizations |
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| 1. Jews; 2. Babylonians; 3. Accepted |
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Definition
| 1. _______, Medes, and 2. __________ all 3. ____________ him as a ruler |
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| 1. Darius; 2. Thrace; 3. Greek |
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Definition
| 1. __________- (521-486 BC)- added W. India, 2. _________ in Europe, created the largest empire at the time, and tried to invade the 3. ________ mainland |
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| 1. Satrapies; 2. Provinces; 3. Satrap |
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Definition
| Divided Persia into 20 1. ________ or 2. ___________, ruled by a 3. _______ |
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| 1. Taxes; 2. Justice; 3. Soldiers |
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Definition
| Satraps collected 1. _____, provided 2. _________, and recruited 3. _________ |
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| Created effective communication with well maintained 1. _____ with food, shelter, and fresh horses called the 2. ______ _____ |
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| Military was made of _________ soldiers from all over |
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| Made of elite infantry and cavalry called the ___________ because when one dies another immediately takes his place |
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| 1. Luxurious; 2. Taxes; 3. Loyalty |
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Definition
| Kings became too 1. ___________ and increased 2. __________ which lowered 3. __________ |
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| Kings had too many 1. _____ and 2. ________ to give anyone enough power |
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| Eventually conquered by _________ ____ _______ in the 330s BC |
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| Biggest original cultural contribution was ___________________________- monotheistic religion |
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| ____________- revered prophet of the "true religion" (660 BC) |
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| __________ (the "Wise Lord") was a supreme god who created all things |
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| 1. Ahuramazda; 2. Ahriman |
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| According to the religion, 1. __________ (good) was challenged by 2. _________ (evil) |
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| Humans were given free will to choose between right and wrong where ________________ would eventually win |
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