Term
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Definition
Venus of Willendorf
In PREHISTORIC ERA
Locate in Vienna, Austria
Charm of a woman giving BIRTH |
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Definition
Altamira Paintings
Representing Life in hunting and killing beast
in SPAIN |
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Definition
Naveta
Representing Death
Stone of Perfectly Shape place on top another
IN SPAIN |
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Definition
EGYPT:
Developed along the Nile River
Thebas - Capital of Upper Egypt
Menphis - Capital of Lower Eqypt |
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Definition
Hieroglyphs
Demotic
Greek
LOCATE in British Museum |
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Definition
Polytheism
LIFE after DEATH
Pharaoh - Devin Person
RA
AMON
HORUS
OSIRIS
IRIS
ANUBUS |
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Definition
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Definition
Tombs and Temples
POST AND INTEL CONSTRUCTION
No arch
No Valt
No Dome |
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Definition
ROUNDS - real
RELIEF - in wall
Stiffness
Lack of Expression
Colossal |
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Definition
Life of people
meant for the afterlife
harmony, balance, and calm
movement
flat
super-imposed stripe line |
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Term
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Definition
| union between upper and lower |
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Definition
Saqqara
1st funnerary complex
pile of mastaboo
Not just a building but a complex
big to show power and strength of kings and dynasty |
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Term
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Definition
cobra - lower
pheonix -- upper
beard representing power |
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Term
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Definition
Guardian of the Pyramid
mix between a human and a creature
beard is also another symbol of Strength
it was originally cover in sand |
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Term
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Definition
2000 - 1500
society developed |
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Term
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Definition
AT Giza
Representing strength of the king who built it
OLD AND MIDDLE KINGDOM
burial monuments
Transition to the afterdead |
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Term
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Definition
Controlled by upper Egypt
construction of temples |
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Definition
New Kingdom
to prevent tutors
covered with reliefs |
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Term
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Definition
Only Pharaoh to change Religion to 1god
everthing back to normal to the next king |
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Term
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Definition
IN BERLIN
Left eye does not finish.
Glass paste in eye to archieve realism
yet still siff |
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Term
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Definition
Granite
all four-sided narrow tapering monument which ends in a pyramid-like shape at the top |
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Term
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Definition
deir el bahri
Funnerary temple of Wueen Hatsepsut
Excavate inside the rocks |
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Term
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Definition
Tutankhamun
Howard Carter discovered
1st untouch tomb
tomb within tomb |
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Term
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Definition
Luxor Temple
only priest were allow to enter
temple is for divinity
post and lintel
Avenue of Shinx
2obelist
Collosal -statue of Giants
Pyron big stone wall masses
Court - Patio with lots of colum surround
Hypostyle Court - room with lots of coulloum supporting roof so light can go in
Santuary place |
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Term
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Definition
Karnak Temple
only priest were allow to enter
temple is for divinity
post and lintel
Avenue of Shinx
2obelist
Collosal -statue of Giants
Pyron big stone wall masses
Court - Patio with lots of colum surround
Hypostyle Court - room with lots of coulloum supporting roof so light can go in
Santuary place |
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Term
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Definition
Abu Simbel
artificial Site for Ramesses II
smaller temple is for his wife Nefertiti |
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Term
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Definition
700 BC
Ptopermaic Dynasty - Alexander the great 332
Roman rule at 30 BC --- become a province |
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Definition
Al-Faiun Potraits
Real people
Same tradition but has been influened by other culture |
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Term
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Definition
low Mesopotamia = Babylon and UR by Sumerian
upper Mesopotamia = Nineveh and Korshabad by Assyrian
Assyrian introduce Iron and horse.
No Form of unity
Differences in Art
Conquer and little attention in Life after Death |
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Term
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Definition
Combination of many culture
Lost to ALEX |
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Term
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Definition
Sumerian/Babylon
Assyrian/Nineveh
Neobabylon
Persian
Greek |
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Term
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Definition
Cuniform on Clay
Peaceful and Agriculture
1st LAw codex |
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Term
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Definition
Hammurabi Code
Sumerian of Mesopotamia
1st document about law |
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Term
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Definition
Military culture
Brick
1st civilization to use ARch
no post an lintle |
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Term
| Messopotamia constructions |
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Definition
| TEmple (mostly sumerian) and Palace (mostly Assyrian) |
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Term
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Definition
Step tower
Middle of the city
Surrounds with relief and painting of guards
temple is on top |
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Term
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Definition
babel tower
pride and language
unfinish
destroyed |
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Term
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Definition
Small city
Relief of war and hunting |
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Term
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Definition
| build with brick = time destroy city |
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Term
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Definition
Ishtar GAte of babylon
Assyrian Time
Berlin |
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Term
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Definition
5 leg so if you in front you'll see it standing but on the side you will see it moving
guardian = strength of lion and bull, but intellect of human |
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Term
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Definition
balthazar book of daniel
LOndon
Neobabaylon |
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Term
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Definition
Lion Hunt Relief
Knew reality and movement
In London, British museum
Assyrian time |
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Term
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Definition
Cyrus Cylinder
Persian Empire
British Museum, London
Persian conquest of Babylon |
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Term
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Definition
Two important city
Persepolis
Susa
Take in other people's art
Cuniform |
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Term
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Definition
Mud Brick
Collum
use of stone
Fieze picture of lots of warrior heading to temple like the palace in Assyrian empire. |
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Term
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Definition
belong to palace of susa
fierze
Susa |
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Term
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Definition
Battle of issus
End of persian empire
Alexander the great beat Darius the III |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Brancusi
Influened by Cycladic PEriod art
New York |
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Term
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Definition
Harmony
Simplicity
Geometry
Primitive |
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Term
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Definition
Named after a king Minus
Linear A writing |
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Term
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Definition
| excavated by Aurthor Even by his way of doing thing and follow his idea of reality |
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Term
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Definition
THESEUS & THE MINOTAURS
Pricess fall in loe with thesues and help him escape with a ball of yarn.
Inspire Piicasso |
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Term
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Definition
Lead by Aganenon against troy
no concern for afterlife
thickwall protect city
Linear B script |
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Term
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Definition
| Agamenon mask usually compare to Tutankhamen mask |
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Term
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Definition
Beauti and PErfection
Harmony, symmetry, proportion |
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Term
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Definition
Ceramic
Stripe from Egypt
Geometry
Perfect Porportion |
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Term
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Definition
Dipylon VASE
found in Athen, and probadly in athen, perfect geometry and math
Geometrical Period |
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Term
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Definition
No Painting
Architecture
temple, house of gods
post and lintle construction
not collosal because made for men by men
porportion
Doric Coloumn
Temple and theather |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Male Sculpture
Free standing, influence by eqypt and nude
Movement
3 locks of hair
ridgid
nude and ananomy
archaic smile |
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Term
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Definition
Movement
3 locks of hair
ridgid
fully clothes
offering food to the god
archaic smile |
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Term
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Definition
| area around italy penesula |
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Term
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Definition
6 Column in front and 21 Column on side
Column thick on bottom and skinnier on top. |
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Term
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Definition
for religious
build in santuary complex
half circle
use to have a alter to god
always on side of hill
acoustic is important |
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Term
| Greece in Archaic Time theather |
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Definition
Theatron
Orchestra
Parodos - get out
Skene - for alter
tragedy and comedy
explain thing to the upper class
about god and stuff |
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Term
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Definition
SEver PEriod
Classical PEriod |
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Term
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Definition
| transitional period between archaic period and classical |
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Term
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Definition
charioteer of Delphi
Bronze
Classical
Part of a victory the he won a race
Athlete is fully clothe
show control of the athlete to the horse.
Fluterd shaft for a bottom of drape
HEAD - eye lashes , copper lip, no smile perfect greek ideal feature,
BAck have movement
GREECE |
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Term
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Definition
Discobolos by MYRON
different from Korous because:
show movement - naturalism and body moving in space
anantomy is flat
frontal scupture
Roman copy
intersection of 2 arches |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| dahli painting on discobolus |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
CANNON OF pORPORTION
MAN IS THE MEASURE OF ALL THING - HEAD
CANNON OF BEAUTY |
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Term
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Definition
Erechtheum in Athen
- In the porch of the maiden.
- Caryatids are like Kory: fully clothed woman.
- Roman smashed the faces of the Caryatids.
- Caryatids are All exactly the same. Same feature, gesture, dignify position, face.
- 5 out of 6 are in Athens. 1 is in the British Museum.
- offering to the god?? |
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Term
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Definition
Akropolis
FOUNDER: Pericles
Erechtheum
Parthenon
Nike Temple |
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Term
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Definition
- Cover in high reliefs that are almost.
- Free Standing sculpture on top
- It was removed by the British museum by cutting out the culture, leaving the heavy block of stone behind it away.
- 2 Pediments - Represents different slide on each side – Mythology
- Lord Elgin was the one who move them |
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Term
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Definition
Diadumenos HEADBAND
-Perfect Nude Male Body.
-Only have Roman’s copies. Original was melted.
-Mixture between of stillness, but motion.
-Lower part is exactly the same.
-Perfect axis on the bodies, but bottom is on one side and the upper body is on the other.
CONSTRAPPOSTA
CLassical
ATHEN |
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Term
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Definition
doryphoro SPEAR
-Perfect Nude Male Body. SAME FACE TOO
-Only have Roman’s copies. Original was melted.
-Mixture between of stillness, but motion.
-Lower part is exactly the same.
-Perfect axis on the bodies, but bottom is on one side and the upper body is on the other.
CONSTRAPPOSTA
CLASSICAL
ATHEN |
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Term
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Definition
SCULPTURE of
Hermes and the Infant Dionysus
Aphrodite of Cnidus |
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Term
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Definition
Hermes and the Infant Dionysus
Olympia Musem
the “s” (called contrapposto)
CLASSICAL PERIOD |
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Term
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Definition
VENUS pudica – nude but trying to cover herself
- Taking a bath is an excuse for nudity |
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Term
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Definition
Apollo Belvedere
- End of classical period
- Has all fetre
- Perfection
- Proportion
- Cannon of Beauty
- The “s”
- Face is still similar to other
- And inspired David of Michelangelo |
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Term
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Definition
- Getting to the idea of portraits
Alexander the great
- Started the day of the death of Alexander the great |
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Term
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Definition
Nike of Samothrace
- No exact author
- Samothrace is a small island where the sculpture was found.
- Sculpture comes from a ceremonial center.
- Was made in the sanctuary of the great gods, to celebrate a naval victory over the King of Syria.
- Represented a proud (front of the ship)
- One of the wing is not original
- Contrapostal, “S” the shape of the body
- Layer of the sculture
- You can feel the wind, the water …. Wet tunic …. Water & naval ship
- Perfect balance – the wind and the wings
- Was painted and we have bits and pieces of paint |
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Term
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Definition
Aphrofite of Milons
- Found in the island of Milon
- Goddess about to take a bath.
- 2 pieces of marble
- Stands with left leg forward … with the “s” shape is once again
- Face and anatomy is late classical …
- But her slender proportion and the twisting spiral of structural and the slipping of the drapes suggest she is in the Hellenistic art. |
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Term
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Definition
Laocoon
Vatican
a roman copy
- Laocoon is a priest from Troy …
o he warned the troyan not to accept the horse … because he knew that was a trick … but troyan was mad casue
o he profile (had kids) the temple of Poseidon and a priest is not suppose to do that so Poseidon punished him by sending 2 big snake to kill he and his son.
fight between human and beast –
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Triangular figure of the sculpture
- Facial expression - pain – first time we see expression in a sad face
- No longer looking for beauty, but looking for expression
- The idea of god punishing human being.
- Influenced Michelangelo painting in the sixteenth chapel because a few nude body ( |
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Term
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Definition
Altar of Zeus at Pergamon
BERLIN
- Center body with two wings – which is different than before …
- It was a part of another acropolis (sacrate city) |
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Term
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Definition
Dying Gual
- One of the warrior of Gual
- Expressive
- Dying bararion trying to stand up, stoping the flood from his wound, but his twisted torso archieve movement
- Could have been with a roup to represent victory.
- Pain – movement – sorrow and pity
- No longer I deal of perfectiong and idea of pretty
- This doesn’t have the ideal features – just normal features |
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Term
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Definition
Spinario
- Young boy trying to take a thorn out of his foot
- Represent bofy – anatomy, and movement
- Have glass eyes and eye lash
- We don’t know if this is the original, ,but this is very old |
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Term
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Definition
art = propaganda
Engineering Works:
- Vias ( Road)
- Walls – to protect the city from barbarian …
- Some have arches
- Bridges –
- Aqueducts – Stone piles up without concrete (sergovia)
- two level of arches
- Cities |
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Term
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Definition
logical planned
- Square are with two central street that cross the middleof the city.
- One street is Cardo (N to S)
- Other one is Decumanus (W to E)
- Middle is market/ …Central part for public…
- Entertainment is on another part of the city.
- the rest is square geometrical block
- all were covered in the wall. |
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Term
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Definition
Public spaces = people meet = small number of Roman citizens (and no Women)
- Forum = city square
- market
- Basilica = Building that are for justice. ( for Roman)
- Thermae (public bath) = social things
- Caracalla = emperor who build most important thermae
-Domus (houses)
- Two patios (impulsion and complypium) for water drainage
- Paces in front are used for shop |
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Term
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Definition
- Covered by volcanic rock and ashes from volcanic eruption
- The ashes preserve Pompeii
- Road = a block in the road so you won’t get wet, but wagons and still get through
- Spaces were occupied in the ash, but now have rotted, but they filled plaster to see how people are trying escape. |
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Term
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Definition
Bread and Circus
- Spectacles – enjoy the show
- Circus – elongated building with center call Spina
- - were made for races around Spina
Theaters
- Like Greek
Amphitheater
- Rome original
- 2 Theater facing each other
- The middle is Arena
- Elliptical Shape
- Dedicated to gladiator game.
- Propaganda for the emperor so people would forget about the real problem |
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Term
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Definition
Colosseum (Flavian amphitheater)
- Built on a flat marshy area.
- Able to be built because of the use of concrete
- 3 tiers of arches and 4th element of pilaster and window
- Doric – Ionic – Corinthian column... – last is Corinthians pilaster (a column in the wall)
- Clams to have a canopy (velarium) to cover the whole colosseum in the summer
- 50 thousand to 70 thousand people
- 80 entrances/exits all with number
- Destroyed by earthquake
- Tuscan Column – Doric column with a base.
- Used to have sculpture on the 2nd and 3rd floor
- Name is come from the colossal statue outside of the colosseum…
- Used as quarry
- Interior
- - basement: contain cages
- - elevator for beast
- -complex passage ways
- - small room for gladiator
- Vaulted ceiling and on top is a row of seat
- Vaulted ceiling around and perpendicular into center
- - intersection of 2 vaults is called groin vault
- Bloody battle and bloody feeding of Wild Beast
- From Constantine on, the coloseum decline. These stuff above stop
- Obligation for the ruling class to arrange games … |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- very little excavated
- the emperor Nero – his house caught on fire and then he built a new house.
- Under the bath of Trajan |
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Term
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Definition
– also built to commemorate victory.
- Bottom is the tomb of the emperor |
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Term
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Definition
Pantheon (don’t mix with Parthenon)– rebuild by Emperor Hadrian
- Pantheus (meaning for “all gods”) – temple dedicated for all the gods …
- Porch has monolithic shaft (only one piece) from Egyptian granite
- 8 columns on front and 3 row on side
- Agrippa build around 27 BC and rebuild by Hadrian in 175 AD
- Roman constructed the dome.
- 1st dome ever
- It is very well preserve because it was converted into a Christian church.
- Made of intersection of two identical perfect circle – width is same as the height
- Architecture of space – inside is just a dome
- 5 rows of 28 square coffers of diminishing side from the oculus
- Only 2 opening – one is the entrance and the other is the top “oculus” (= eyes)
- No windows
- When rain, it will flood and the floor is slanted so the water will drain out
- Built of rings of solid concrete – thinner as it goes up to the top.
- Coffer is made to take concrete out of the dome to make it lighter
- The dome rest on the structure, with is called a drum, which sits on top of the wall
- Dome was painted in blue – each coffer has a bronze flower.
- Alternating of pillars (piers) and niche to support the dome and drum.
- Has a tomb of Raphael
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Term
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Definition
Duomo of Florence
- Gothic cathedral
- Brunelleschi – dome inspirited him and later Michael Angelo.
- biggest dome – |
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Term
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Definition
Trajan’s Column 113 AD
- Columns that represent something and commemorate something – and related with the emperor.
- Placed between the 2 library and in forum (Apollodorus)
o to show the culture that the emperor have
- Carrara Marble
- It have a Bronze sculpture of the Trajan and then replaced
- most important emperor and put Rome to its the most extend
- Tuscan column
- Destroyed melt and replaced by Saint Peter
- Covered with spiral shaft with low relief – scrolled
- It was first have his ashes and his tomb
- Interior that have a stair
- FEATURE
o Narration objectivity:
Not humiliating the enemy, but just to tell the story.
- Technique - not all columns represent battles
o Half of them are about bringing new people after Roman conquest.
- Perspective and proportion is not same, doesn’t matter, but Quality, Details, and Narration is very clear.
- The bottom have a man with bear to represent the Danus River.
- Used to be with color
- Scrolled are much more narrower at the bottom and wider at the top.
- Low relief to reduce shadow |
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Term
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Definition
Constantine
Christian Freedom |
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Term
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Definition
PEAK of the Roman Empire
Fix Pantheon
emperor after Trajan
Hadrian’s wall
Calm, not a conqueror
Villa Adriana
Castle Santangelo - death |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Arch of Constantine
- Last Arch and most modern of triumph arches
- They take the element from other arches in Rome to make it.
- The 8 sculptures are of the Dacian prisoners to tell a story
- The head on the sculptures are not roman, they were added in the middle ages.
- Corinthian Columns
- Tondo –i ….. come from early monuments from Harianic age
- It represented the new Rome |
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Term
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Definition
Augustus – Prima Porta (Livia’s villa)
- Spreading propaganda by sculpture
- In the breast plate, he have representation of different deities …
- He want to be closer to god.
- Similar to Diadumenos – this have the ideal cannon of proportion |
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Term
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Definition
Equestrian (horses) statue of Marcus Aurelius
- Only bronze equestrian statue
- His arm is in the same position as the Augusta Prima
- Alive because the people thought it was a statue of Constantine
- It became a model for all equestrian statue all over the world. |
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Term
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Definition
ROMAN PAINTINGS
- Fresco = painting on the wall … it become a part of the wall
- Naturalism of the garden in Lavias Villa
- Domus Aureas (nero’s villa) – representing architecture – that give volume and architecture to the room…
- Pompeii - volcano ash preserve them
- - red color has different tone and radiation |
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Term
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Definition
ROMAN STUCCO
- Wall or on ceiling –
- They are relief that are made with plaster
- They meant social status |
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Term
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Definition
ROMAN MOSAICS
- Building up an image by the use of small color materials…
- Tesserae = the small materials
- The smaller the tasserae, the more the volume
- Popular on the floor and of geometrical planning
- Cave Canem = Beware of dogs
- Mosaic of a wild dog to protect the house.
The wall begins to have mosaic… |
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Term
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Definition
Three Graces = daughter of zues
- Always in a circle, represent happiness, one always show her back … |
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Term
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Definition
- Last emperor that rule the whole empire
- In 380 AC, he declared Christianity the official religion…
- No more paganistic religion:
- He divided the empire into two for his two sons.
- Western Roman Empire: Honorius
- Byzantine Empire: Arcadius
- In 410, the barbarian Sacked the city of Rome
- Beginning of the end if the empire
- They move the capital into Ravenna |
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Term
| Christian Catacombs BEFORE OUT |
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Definition
cemetery to bury the body of the Christians.
- = under passage way with holes for bodies
- = Cubiculum – bigger space of corridor – to celebrate the burial cemetery
- = this is for the Christian and authority would not allow it
- = very few fresco = of the gospel
- = not aim for perfection but aim to teach -- symbolic--
- = later they use mosaic
- = they turn the paganistic symbol into Christian symbol
- - Sarcophagus
- = high reliefs
- = iconography = symbol (alpha omega)
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Term
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Definition
- *clerestory is rows of window that are on the nave that is higher than the side aisle to give natural light.
- 1 Propilia = entrance
- 2 Atrium = open courtyard
- 3 Narthex = entrance hall to the nave
- 4 Nave
- 5 Side aisle
- 6 Crossing = intersection of the nave and the Transept
- 7 Transept = the long part of the building that look like the arm of the cross…
- 8 Apse
- * cambanario = bell tower |
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